Heart - Tissue Tables

SpeciesSpecies DetailCellsEnzyme(s)Medium Reference
Bovine Bovine
(also rat)		 Heart
Adrenal chromaffin
Paraneurons		 Trypsin: 0.06%
 25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMF Trifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 26, 335, 1990
Canine Dog, mongrel, adult Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 Joklik's MEM Spanier, A. and Weglicki, W.: Ca2+-Tolerant Adult Canine Myocytes: Preparation and Response to Anoxia/Acidosis, Am. J. Physiol. 243, H448, 1982
Chicken Chicken embryos, 9-11 day incubated Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 PBS Eschenhagen, T., Fink, C., Remmers, U., Scholz, H., Wattchow, J., Weil, J., et al.: Three-Dimensional Reconstitution of Embryonic Cardiomyocytes in a Collagen Matrix: A New Heart Muscle Model System, F.A.S.E.B. J. 11, 683, 1997
Chicken Chick, embryos, 10-11 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.17%
 HBSS, CMF Wang, S., Greaser, M.L., Schultz, E., Bulinski, J.C., Lin, J.J., and Lessard, J.L.: Studies on Cardiac Myofibrillogenesis With Antibodies to Titin, Actin, Tropomyosin, and Myosin, J. Cell Biol. 107, 1075, 1988
Chicken Chick, 10 day Ventricular Trypsin: 0.025%
 HBSS, CMF Kim, D., Okada, A., and Smith, T.W.: Control of Cytosolic Calcium Activity During Low Sodium Exposure in Cultured Chick Heart Cells, Circ. Res. 61, 29, 1987
Chicken Chick, embryo, 11 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.05%
 HBSS, CMF Jacob, R., Lieberman, M., Murphy, E., and Piwnica-Worms, D.: Effect of Sodium-Potassium Pump Inhibition and Low Sodium on Membrane Potential in Cultured Embryonic Chick Heart Cells, J. Physiol. 387, 549, 1987
Chicken Chick, embryonic, 11-12-day-old Myocytes Trypsin: 0.025%
 CMF solution Murphy, E., Aiton, J., Russell, C., and Lieberman, M.: Calcium Elevation in Cultured Heart Cells: Its Role in Cell Injury, Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 245 (14), C316, 1983
Chicken Chick, 8 day embryo
(also rat, neonate and mouse)		 Myocytes Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%
 Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF Gross, W., Schopf-Ebner, E., and Bucher, O.: Technique for the Preparation of Homogeneous Cultures of Isolated Heart Muscle Cells, Exp. Cell Res. 53, 1, 1968
Chicken Hen, White Leghorn Heart Trypsin: 0.025%
 Medium 199 Dehann, R.: Regulation of Spontaneous Activity and Growth of Embryonic Chick Heart Cells in Tissue Culture, Dev. Biol. 16, 216, 1967
Chicken Chick embryos, 5 day Heart
Liver		 Trypsin: 3.0%
 Tyrode's solution, CMF Steinberg, M.: "ECM": Its Nature, Origin, And Function in Cell Aggregation, Exp. Cell Res. 30, 257, 1963
Feline Cat, mongrel, adult, 1.8-2.8 Kg Myocytes
Ventricular		 Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%
 Kreb's Henseleit, CF Silver, L., Hemwall, E., Marino, T., and Houser, S.: Isolation and Morphology of Calcium-Tolerant Feline Ventricular Myocytes, Am. J. Physiol. 245, H891, 1983
Fish Octopus, E. cirhosa, 260-352 g Systemic heart cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.025%
Trypsin: 0.02%
 see reference Altimiras J., Hove-Madsen L., and Gesser H.: Ca(2+) Uptake in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum from the Systemic Heart of Octopod Cephalopods, J. Exp. Biol. 202, 2531, 1999
Frog Frog (Rana esculenta) Myocytes Trypsin: 0.04%
 CF Ringer Arrio-Dupont, M., and de Nay, D.: High Yield Preparation of Calcium-Tolerant Myocytes From Frog Ventricles, Biol. Cell. 54, 164, 1985
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 100 u/ml
 M-199 Zorn-Pauly K, Schaffer P, Pelzmann B, Bernhart E, Lang P, and Koidl B: L-type and T-type Ca2+ current in cultured ventricular guinea pig myocytes, Physiol. Res. 53(4), 369, 2004
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, female, 300-350g Coronary endothelial Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 see reference Buxton I L, Kaiser R A, Oxhorn B C, Cheek D J: Evidence supporting the Nucleotide Axis Hypothesis: ATP release and metabolism by coronary endothelium, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 281, H1657-66, 2001
Guinea-Pig Guinea pig, 250-450 g Endothelial Collagenase Type 2: 0.15%
 Perfusing solution
(see reference)		 Preisig-Muller, R., Mederos Y Schnitzler, M., Derst, C., and Daut J.: Separation of Cardiomyocytes and Coronary Endothelial Cells for Cell-Specific RT-PCR, Am. J. Physiol. 277, H413, 1999
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig, male, 450-600 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.02%
 Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate buffer Stemmer, P., Akera,T., Brody, T., Rardon, D., and Watanabe, A.: Isolation and Enrichment of Ca2+-Tolerant Myocytes for Biochemical Experiments from Guinea-Pig Heart, Life Sci. 44, 1231, 1989
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.04%
 Tyrode solution, CF Ishihara, K., Mitsuiye, T., Noma, A., and Takano, M.: The Mg2+ Block and Intrinsic Gating Underlying Inward Rectification of the K+ Current in Guinea-Pig Cardiac Myocytes, J. Physiol. 419, 297, 1989
Guinea-Pig Guinea-pig Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.10%
 Bicarbonate buffer, CF Bridge, J., Spitzer, K., and Ershler, P.: Relaxation of Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes by a Voltage-Dependent, Science 241, 823, 1988
Human Human (n=16, age: 60 &plusmin;3 years) Myocardial Hyaluronidase: 0.05%
 Medium 199 Mukerjee, R., Multani, M., Sample, J., Dowdy, K., Zellner, J., Hoover, D., and Spinale, F.: Effects of adrenomedullin on human myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic response, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 7 (4), 235, 2002
Human Human Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Collagenase Type 1: 0.025%
Protease XIV: 0.013%
 HEPES solution Todor Anastassia, Sharov Victor G, Tanhehco Elaine J, Silverman Norman, Bernabei Alvise, Sabbah Hani N: Hypoxia-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and DFF45/ICAD in human failed cardiomyocytes, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283, H990-5, 2002
Human Human Heart
Myocytes		 Collagenase Type 2: 200 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution Hoppe, U., Jansen, E., Sudkamp, M., and Beukelmann, D.: Hyperpolarization-Activated Inward Current in Ventricular Myocytes From Normal and Failing Human Hearts, Circulation 97, 55, 1998
Human Human, fetal, 14.5 week gestation Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 HBSS with Calcium Goldman, B., and Wurzel, J.: Effects of Subcultivation and Culture Medium on Differentiation of Human Fetal Cardiac Myocytes, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 28, 109, 1992
Human Human, both sexes, 18-81 years Myocardial
Atrial		 Collagenase: 0.14%
 HBSS, CMF Smith, D., Glover, J., Townsend, L., and Maupin, E.: A Method for the Harvest, Culture, and Characterization of Human Adult Atrial Myocardial Cells: Correlation with Age of Donor, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 27, 914, 1991
Human Human, adult Myocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 Joklik's MEM Bugaisky, L.B.: Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,Isolation and Culture of Human Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark,Decker,Borg,eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., , 1988
Human Human Thoracic aorta Collagenase: 0.2%
 Phosphate buffer w/NaCl Hassler, O., Wiren, M., and Herbertsson, S.: The Elastic Coat of the Arterial Wall Studied with the Aid of Collagenase, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 57, 15, 1963
Mouse Mouse, adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: see reference
 HBSS O'Connell Timothy D, Rodrigo Manoj C, Simpson Paul C: Isolation and culture of adult mouse cardiac myocytes, Methods Mol. Biol. 357, 271-96, 2007
Mouse Mouse Smooth muscle cells Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Elastase: 5 u/ml
 F10 Ham Verheye, S., Martinet, W., Kockx, M., Knaapen, M., Salu, K., Timmermans, J., Ellis, J., Kilpatrick, D., DeMayer, G.: Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 706, 2007
Mouse Mouse Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%
Papain: 0.175%
 Krebs-Ringer Lu Tong, Ye Dan, Wang Xiaoli, Seubert John M, Graves Joan P, Bradbury J Alyce, Zeldin Darryl C, Lee Hon-Chi: Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms, J. Physiol. 575, 627-44, 2006
Mouse Mouse cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.17%
 PBS Chen Hanying, Yong Weidong, Ren Shuxun, Shen Weihua, He Yongzheng, Cox KarenA, Zhu Wuqiang, Li Wei, Soonpaa Mark, Payne RMark, Franco Diego, Field LorenJ, Rosen Vicki, Wang Yibin, Shou Weinian: Overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 10 in myocardium disrupts cardiac postnatal hypertrophic growth., J. Biol. Chem. 281, 27481-91, 2006
Mouse Mouse, neonatal Cardiomyoctes Collagenase Type 1: 150 u/ml
Trypsin: 0.01%
 M199 Takahashi N, Wang X, Tanabe S, Uramoto H, Jishage K, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Okada Y.: ClC-3-independent sensitivity of apoptosis to Cl- channel blockers in mouse cardiomyocytes, Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 15, 263, 2005
Mouse Mouse, 1 day Cardiomyoctes NCIS kit: per instructions
 EBSS Potts, Malia B., Vaughn, Allyson E., McDonough, Holly, Patterson, Cam, and Deshmukh, Mohanish: Reduced Apaf-1 levels in cardiomyocytes engage strict regulation of apoptosis by endogenous XIAP, J. Cell Biol. 171, 925, 2005
Mouse Mouse Smooth muscle cells Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
Elastase: 0.0125%
 DMEM Fukumoto Yoshihiro, Deguchi Jun-o, Libby Peter, Rabkin-Aikawa Elena, Sakata Yasuhiko, Chin Michael T, Hill Christopher C, Lawler Patrick R, Varo Nerea, Schoen Frederick J, Krane Stephen M, Aikawa Masanori: Genetically determined resistance to collagenase action augments interstitial collagen accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques, Circulation 110, 1953-9, 2004
Mouse Mouse, female, 14-18 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.02%
Elastase: 0.03%
Pancreatin: 0.06%
 see reference Zhang Sui, Wang Dachun, Estrov Zeev, Raj Sean, Willerson James T, Yeh Edward T H: Both cell fusion and transdifferentiation account for the transformation of human peripheral blood CD34-positive cells into cardiomyocytes in vivo, Circulation 110, 3803-7, 2004
Mouse Mouse, 6-8 week Vascular smooth muscle Papain: 10 u/ml
Elastase: .005%
Collagenase: 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 1000 u/ml
PDS kit: with modifications
 EBSS Qian, Q., Hunter, L., Li, M., Marin-Padilla, M., Prakash, Y., Somlo, S., Harris, P., Torres, V., and Sieck, G.: Pkd2 Haploinsufficiency Alters Intracellular Calcium Regulation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Hum. Mol. Genet. 12(15), 1875, 2003
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.2%
Pancreatin: 0.06%
 DMEM/F-12 Rybkin, I., Markham, D., Yan, Z., Bassel-Duby, R., Williams, R., and Olson, E.: Conditional Expression of SV40 T-antigen in Mouse Cardiomyocytes Facilitates an Inducible Switch from Proliferation to Differentiation, J. Biol. Chem. 278(18), 15927, 2003
Mouse Mouse, neonatal 2-4 day Atrial myocytes NCIS kit: with modifications see reference
 L-15 Bettahi, I,, Marker, C., Roman, M., and Wickman, K.: Contribution of the Kir3.1 Subunit to the Muscarinic-gated Atrial Potassium Channel IKACh, J. Biol. Chem. 277, 48282, 2002
Mouse Mouse, neonatal and adult Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.03-0.2%
 Joklik's MEM Schreiber, K., Paquet, L., Allen, B., and Rindt, H.: Protein Kinase C Isoform Expression and Activity in the Mouse Heart, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 281(5), H2062, 2001
Mouse Mouse, NTg and Tg, 8 - 12 week Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 Joklik's MEM Nelson, D., Setser, E., Hall, D., Schwartz, S., Hewitt, T., Klevitsky, R., Osinska, H., Bellgrau, D., Duke, R., and Robbins, J.: Proinflammatory Consequences of Transgenic Fas Ligand Expression in the Heart, J. Clin. Invest. 105 (9), 1199, 2000
Mouse Mouse, 1-6 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.002%
 PBS Watzka SB, Lucien J, Shimada M, Edwards V, Yeger H, Hannigan G, and Coles JG.: Selection of viable cardiomyocytes for cell transplantation using three-dimensional tissue culture, Transplantation 70, 1310, 2000
Mouse Mouse, 2-4 mo Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Collagenase Type 4: 0.05%
Protease XIV: 0.002%
 MEM Zhou YY, Wang SQ, Zhu WZ, Chruscinski A, Kobilka BK, Ziman B, Wang S, Lakatta EG, Cheng H, Xiao RP: Culture and adenoviral infection of adult mouse cardiac myocytes: methods for cellular genetic physiology, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279, H429-36, 2000
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 150 u/ml
 Joklik's MEM Christensen G, Minamisawa S, Gruber PJ, Wang Y, Chien KR: High-efficiency, long-term cardiac expression of foreign genes in living mouse embryos and neonates, Circulation 101, 178-84, 2000
Mouse Mouse, 1-3 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.25%
 FBS-MEM Wang, G., and Kang, Y.: Inhibition of Doxorubicin Toxicity in Cultured Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes with Elevated Metallothionein Levels, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 288(3), 938, 1999
Mouse Mouse, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: with modifications see reference
 L-15 Lader, A., Kwiatkowski, D., and Cantiello, H.: Role of Gelsolin in the Actin Filament Regulation of Cardiac L-type Calcium Channels, Am. J. Physiol. 277, C1277, 1999
Mouse Mouse, 3-7 month Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.25%
Collagenase: see reference
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: .05%
 DMEM Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH: Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation, Mol. Biol. Cell 10, 1569-79, 1999
Mouse Mouse (BALB/c), adult Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.04%
 Tyrode's solution Felzen, B., Shilkrut, M., Less, H., Sarapov, I., Maor, G., Coleman, R., Robinson, R., et al.: Fas (CD95/Apo-1)-Mediated Damage to Ventricular Myocytes Induced by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes from Perforin-Deficient Mice, Circ. Res. 82, 438, 1998
Mouse Mouse, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: with modifications see reference
 L-15 Lader, A., Xiao, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Cui, Y., Vatner, D., Vatner, S., Homcy, C., Cantiello, H.: Cardiac Gsalpha Overexpression Enhances L-type Calcium Channels Through an Adenylyl Cyclase Independent Pathway, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 9669, 1998
Mouse Mouse, P0-P1 Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.045%
 DMEM, Medium 199 Arber, S., Hunter, J., Ross, J., Hongo, M., Sansig, G., Borg, J., Perriard, J., Chien, K., and Caroni, P.: MLP-Deficient Mice Exhibit a Disruption of Cardiac Cytoarchitectural Organization, Dilated Cadiomyopathy, and Heart Failure, Cell 88, 393, 1997
Mouse Mouse, 6-9 or 21-41 day Ventricular and atrial myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 172.5 u/ml
Trypsin: 0.002%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 60u/ml
 DMEM/Tyrodes Valenzuela, D., Han, X., Mende, U., Fankhauser, C., Mashimo, H., Huang, P., Pfeffer, J., Neer, E., and Fishman, M.: G alpha(o) is Necessary for Muscarinic Regulation of Ca2+ Channels in Mouse Heart, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94(5), 1727, 1997
Mouse Mouse Cardiomyocyte Collagenase: 0.17 %
 PBS Soonpaa, M., Kim, K., Pajak, aL., Franklin, M., and Field, L.: Cardiomyocyte DNA Synthesis and Binucleation During Murine Development, Am. J. Physiol. 271, H2183, 1996
Mouse Mouse embryos Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
 DMEM Wobus, A., Kleppisch, T., Maltsev, V., and Hescheler, J.: Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells Differentiated In Vitro From Embryonic Carcinoma Cells P19 are Characterized by Functional Expression of Adrenoceptors and Ca2+ Channels, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 30A, 425, 1994
Mouse Mouse
(also rat, neonate and chick, 8 day embryo)		 Myocytes Trypsin NF 1:250: 0.25%
 Rinaldini's buffer solution, CF Gross, W., Schopf-Ebner, E., and Bucher, O.: Technique for the Preparation of Homogeneous Cultures of Isolated Heart Muscle Cells, Exp. Cell Res. 53, 1, 1968
Porcine Porcine Coronary vascular smooth muscle (PCVSMCs) Trypsin: 0.037%
 HEPES Christ, M., Gunther, A., Heck, M., Schmidt, B., Falkenstein, E., and Wehling, M.: Aldosterone, Not Estradiol, Is the Physiological Agonist for Rapid Increases in cAMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Circulation 99, 1485, 1999
Porcine Miniature swine, adult, female, 25-40 kg, familiarized with treadmill exercise Coronary smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.1%
 Krebs bicarbonate solution Bowles, D., Hu, Q., Laughlin, M., and Sturek, M.: Exercise Training Increases L-type Calcium Current Density in Coronary Smooth Muscle, Am. J. Physiol. 275 (44), H2159, 1998
Rabbit Rabbit Smooth muscle cells Collagenase Type 2: 300 u/ml
Elastase: 5 u/ml
 F10 Ham Verheye, S., Martinet, W., Kockx, M., Knaapen, M., Salu, K., Timmermans, J., Ellis, J., Kilpatrick, D., DeMayer, G.: Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 706, 2007
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, 2 kg Cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts Collagenase: 0.06%
 Medium 199 Driesen Ronald B, Dispersyn Gerrit D, Verheyen Fons K, van den Eijnde Stefan M, Hofstra Leo, Thone Fred, Dijkstra Petra, Debie Wiel, Borgers Marcel, Ramaekers Frans C S: Partial cell fusion: a newly recognized type of communication between dedifferentiating cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, Cardiovasc. Res. 68, 37-46, 2005
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand White, 2-3 kg Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 HEPES Spitzer, K., Ershler, P., Skolnick, R., and Vaughan-Jones, R.: Generation of Intracellular pH Gradients in Single Cardiac Myocytes with a Microperfusion System, Am. J. Physiol. 278, H1371, 2000
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, white, either sex Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 EGTA-KB Sedarat, F., Xu, L., Moore, E., and Tibbits, G.: Colocalization of Dihydropyridine and Ryanodine Receptors in Neonate Rabbit Heart Using Confocal Microscopy, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279, H202, 2000
Rabbit Rabbit, adult 1.5-2.5 kg Tricuspid valve cells Collagenase: 0.8 mg/ml
 HEPES Tyrode solution Anumonwo JM, Delmar M, and Jalife J.: Electrophysiology of single heart cells from the rabbit tricuspid valve, J. Physiol. 425, 145, 1990
Rabbit Rabbit, New Zealand, white, male, 2-3 kg Cardiomyocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.5%
 Eagle's MEM Buxton, I., and Brunton, L.: Compartments of Cyclic AMP and Protein Kinase in Mammalian Cardiomyocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 258 (17), 10233, 1983
Rabbit Rabbit, adult, 2 kg Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.007%
 Kreb's Ringer Dani, A., Cittadini, A., Flamini, G., Festuccia, G., and Terranova, T.: Preparation and Some Properties of Isolated Beating Myocytes from Adult Rabbit Heart, J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 9, 777, 1977
Rat Rat, SD, 300-350 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Hyaluronidase: 0.02%
 DMEM Niederbichler Andreas D, Hoesel Laszlo M, Westfall Margaret V, Gao Hongwei, Ipaktchi Kyros R, Sun Lei, Zetoune Firas S, Su Grace L, Arbabi Saman, Sarma J Vidya, Wang StewartC, Hemmila MarkR, Ward PeterA: An essential role for complement C5a in the pathogenesis of septic cardiac dysfunction, J. Exp. Med. 203, 53-61, 2006
Rat Rat, SD, male Ventricular myocytes Collagenase: 0.13%
Hyaluronidase: 0.06%
 DMEM Stagg Mark A, Coppen Steven R, Suzuki Ken, Varela-Carver Anabel, Lee Joon, Brand Nigel J, Fukushima Satsuki, Yacoub Magdi H, Terracciano Cesare M: Evaluation of frequency, type, and function of gap junctions between skeletal myoblasts overexpressing connexin43 and cardiomyocytes: relevance to cell transplantation, F.A.S.E.B. J. 20, 744-6, 2006
Rat Rat, SD, 200-250 g Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%
Papain: 0.175%
 Krebs-Ringer Lu Tong, Ye Dan, Wang Xiaoli, Seubert John M, Graves Joan P, Bradbury J Alyce, Zeldin Darryl C, Lee Hon-Chi: Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms, J. Physiol. 575, 627-44, 2006
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM/F-12 Pedram, A., Razandi, M., Aitkenhead, M., and Levin, E: Estrogen Inhibits Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in vitro. Antagonism of Calcineurin-related Hypertrophy through Induction of MCIP1, J. Biol. Chem. 280, 26339, 2005
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250-300 g cardiomyocyte Collagenase Type 2: 250 u/ml
 cardioplegic solution Head Brian P, Patel Hemal H, Roth David M, Lai N Chin, Niesman Ingrid R, Farquhar Marilyn G, Insel Paul A: G-protein-coupled receptor signaling components localize in both sarcolemmal and intracellular caveolin-3-associated microdomains in adult cardiac myocytes., J. Biol. Chem. 280, 31036-44, 2005
Rat Rat, SD, 2-4 day Cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts Trypsin: 0.1%
Collagenase: 0.1%
 medium 199 Entcheva, E., Bien, H, Yin L., Chung, C., Farrell, M., and Kostov, Y.: Functional Cardiac Cell Constructs on Cellulose-based Scaffolding, Biomaterials 25(26), 5753, 2004
Rat Rat, SD, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Muller-Bore, B., Cascio, W., Anderson, P., Snowwaert, J., Frye, J., Desai, N., Esch, G., Brackham, J., Bagnell, C., Coleman, W., Grisham, J., and Malouf, N.: Adult-derived Liver Stem Cells Acquire a Cardiomyocyte Structural and Functional Phenotype ex vivo, Am. J. Pathol. 165, 135, 2004
Rat Rat,1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM Natarajan AR, Rong Q, Katchman AN, and Ebert SN.: Intrinsic cardiac catecholamines help maintain beating activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte cultures, Pediatr. Res. 56, 411, 2004
Rat Rat, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 F-10 Chen, Z., Ge, Y., and Kang J.: Down-regulation of the M6P/IGF-II Receptor Increases Cell Proliferation and Reduces Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes, B.M.C. Cell Biol. 5, 15, 2004
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiac myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%
 HBSS Chen Hsiao-Huei, Mullett Steven J, Stewart Alexandre F R: Vgl-4, a novel member of the vestigial-like family of transcription cofactors, regulates alpha1-adrenergic activation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes, J. Biol. Chem. 279, 30800-6, 2004
Rat Rat, male, 250-300 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.03%
Protease: 0.01%
 HBSS Hunton DaciaL, Zou LuYun, Pang Yi, Marchase Richard B: Adult rat cardiomyocytes exhibit capacitative calcium entry, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 286, H1124-32, 2004
Rat Rat, fetal or 3-day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 HEPES Tamamori-Adachi Mimi, Ito Hiroshi, Sumrejkanchanakij Piyamas, Adachi Susumu, Hiroe Michiaki, Shimizu Masato, Kawauchi Junya, Sunamori Makoto, Marumo Fumiaki, Kitajima Shigetaka, Ikeda Masa-Aki: Critical role of cyclin D1 nuclear import in cardiomyocyte proliferation, Circ. Res. 92, e12-9, 2003
Rat Rat, adult, 220-280g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 178 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
 Krebs-Henseleit, CF Gordon Jennifer M, Dusting Gregory J, Woodman Owen L, Ritchie Rebecca H: Cardioprotective action of CRF peptide urocortin against simulated ischemia in adult rat cardiomyocytes, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284, H330-6, 2003
Rat Rat, 50 g Ventricular myocytes Collagenase: 223 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
Trypsin: 0.002%
 Medium 199 Aberle II NS, and Ren J.: Experimental Assessment of the Role of Acetaldehyde in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy, Biol. Proced. Online 5, 1, 2003
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Li TS, Ito H, Kajiwara K, and Hamano K.: Long-term survival of xenografted neonatal cardiomyocytes by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig expression and CD40 blockade, Circulation 108, 1760, 2003
Rat Rat, SD, 200-300 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05-0.1%
 Joklik's MEM Swift Luther, McHowat Jane, Sarvazyan Narine: Inhibition of membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 as a potential culprit of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, Cancer Res. 63, 5992-8, 2003
Rat Rat, SD, 175-200g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I: 0.02%
 Krebs-Ringer Tardif Annie, Julien Nathalie, Chiasson Jean-Louis, Coderre Lise: Stimulation of glucose uptake by chronic vanadate pretreatment in cardiomyocytes requires PI 3-kinase and p38 MAPK activation, Am. J. Physiol. / Endo. 284, E1055-64, 2003
Rat Rat, SD, pregnant female Peritoneal mast Hyaluronidase: 100 u/ml
 DMEM (see reference) DeAlmeida, A., Mustin, D., Forman, M., Brower, G., Janicki, J., and Carver, W.: Effects of mast cells on the behavior of isolated heart fibroblasts: modulation of collagen remodeling and gene expression, J. Cell. Physiol. 191, 51, 2002
Rat Rat, neonatal, adult, 17 day Ventricular cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.7-1%
 DMEM Lam ML, Bartoli M, and Claycomb WC.: The 21-day postnatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cell in culture as an experimental model to study adult cardiomyocyte gene expression, Mol. Cell. Biochem. 229, 51, 2002
Rat Rat, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Yang Y, Liao H, Ke Q, Cai J, Xiao YF, and Morgan JP: Enhancement of nitric oxide production by methylecgonidine in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, Br. J. Pharmacol. 135, 188, 2002
Rat Rat, female, 250-300 g Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Ringer solution Liu Qinghang, Hofmann Polly A: Antiadrenergic effects of adenosine A(1) receptor-mediated protein phosphatase 2a activation in the heart, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283, H1314-21, 2002
Rat Rat, Wistar, 1 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 80u/ml
 M199 Shimizu Tatsuya, Yamato Masayuki, Isoi Yuki, Akutsu Takumitsu, Setomaru Takeshi, Abe Kazuhiko, Kikuchi Akihiko, Umezu Mitsuo, Okano Teruo: Fabrication of pulsatile cardiac tissue grafts using a novel 3-dimensional cell sheet manipulation technique and temperature-responsive cell culture surfaces, Circ. Res. 90, e40, 2002
Rat Rat, male, 6-12 months old Cardiac myocytes Protease: 0.55 u/ml
 Tyrode's solution Kitta, K., Day, R., Ikeda, T., and Suzuki, Y.: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Protects Cardiac Myocytes Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis, Free Radic. Biol. Med. 31 (7), 902, 2001
Rat Rat, Harlan SD, pup Cardiomyocytes Trypsin:
DMEM/Ham's F-12 Schwartzbauer, G., and Robbins, J.: The Tumor Suppressor Gene PTEN Can Regulate Cardiac Hypertrophy and Survival, J. Biol. Chem. 276, 35786, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, newborn Cardiac myocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Rahman A, Alam M, Rao S, Cai L, Clark LT, Shafiq S, and Siddiqui MA: Differential effects of doxorubicin on atrial natriuretic peptide expression in vivo and in vitro, Biol. Res. 34(3-4), 195, 2001
Rat Rat, adult Ventricular myocytes Collagenase: 223 u/ml
Hyaluronidase: 0.01%
Trypsin: 0.002%
 Tyrode solution Ren J, and Wold LE.: Measurement of Cardiac Mechanical Function in Isolated Ventricular Myocytes from Rats and Mice by Computerized Video-Based Imaging, Biol. Proced. Online 3, 43, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, male Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 140 u/ml
 Krebs-Henseleit Dai L, Brookes PS, Darley-Usmar VM, and Anderson PG.: Bioenergetics in cardiac hypertrophy: mitochondrial respiration as a pathological target of NO, Am. J. Physiol. / Heart 281, H2261-H2269, 2001
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM/M199 Guo K, Searfoss G, Krolikowski D, Pagnoni M, Franks C, Clark K, Yu KT, Jaye M, Ivashchenko Y: Hypoxia induces the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene BNIP3, Cell Death Differ. 8, 367-76, 2001
Rat Rat, Wistar, female Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Ringer solution Pyle, W, Lester, J, and Hofmann, P.: Effects of Kappa-opioid receptor activation of myocardium, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 281, H669, 2001
Rat Rat, SD, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.01%
Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%
 HBSS Arutunyan A, Webster D, Swift L, Sarvazyan N: Localized injury in cardiomyocyte network: a new experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 280, H1905-15, 2001
Rat Rat, newborn Atrial Trypsin: 0.06%
 DMEM Kim, D., and Pleumsamran, A.: Cytoplasmic Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Inhibit ATP-Dependent Gating of the G Protein-gated K+ Channel, J. Gen. Physiol. 115, 287, 2000
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 1: 84 u/ml
Pancreatin: 0.05%
 M199 medium Bueno OF, De Windt LJ, Tymitz KM, Witt SA, Kimball TR, Klevitsky R, Hewett TE, Jones SP, Lefer DJ, Peng CF, Kitsis RN, and Molkentin JD.: The MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes compensated cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice, E.M.B.O. J. 19(23), 6341, 2000
Rat Rat, Winstar, 1-2 day Ventricular myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.08%
 DMEM Maki T, Horio T, Yoshihara F, Suga S, Takeo S, Matsuo H, and Kangawa K: Effect of neutral endopeptidase inhibitor on endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide as a paracrine factor in cultured cardiac fibroblasts, Br. J. Pharmacol. 131(6), 1204, 2000
Rat Rat, SD, adult female Heart microvascular cells CLSPA: 250u/ml
Papain: 5 u/ml
Elastase: 0.8 u/ml
 L-15 Puri S, Bansal DD, Uskokovic MR, and MacGregor RR.: Induction of tissue plasminogen activator secretion from rat heart microvascular cells by fM 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), Am. J. Physiol. / Endo. 278(2), E293, 2000
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250-300g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.06%
 M199 Sun L, Chang J, Kirchhoff SR, and Knowlton AA.: Activation of HSF and selective increase in heat-shock proteins by acute dexamethasone treatment, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278(4), H1091, 2000
Rat Rat, wistar, 2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM-F12 Cowan DB, Poutias DN, Del Nido PJ, and McGowan FX Jr: CD14-independent activation of cardiomyocyte signal transduction by bacterial endotoxin, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 279, H619, 2000
Rat Rat, neonatal Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 L-15 Webster DR, and Patrick DL.: Beating rate of isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes is regulated by the stable microtubule subset, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 278, H1653, 2000
Rat Rat, Lewis, adult male, 300-350-g Aorta, smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.025%
 Meduim 199 with 20% FBS medium Kim, B., Nikolovski, J., Bonadio, J., Smiley, E., and Mooney, D.: Engineered Smooth Muscle Tissues: Regulating Cell Phenotype with the Scaffold, Exp. Cell Res. 251, 318, 1999
Rat Rat, 10-15 newborn, 1-2 days old Atrial Trypsin: 0.03%
 HBSS or EBSS Nemec, J., Wickman, K., and Clapham, D.: GBy Binding Increases the Open Time of IKACh: Kinetic Evidence for Multiple GBy Binding Sites, Biophys. J. 76, 246, 1999
Rat Rat, 1-3 day Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 80u/ml
Pancreatin: 0.06%
 DMEM/F12 Adderley SR, and Fitzgerald DJ.: Oxidative damage of cardiomyocytes is limited by extracellular regulated kinases 1/2-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2, J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5038, 1999
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes Pancreatin: 0.06%
Collagenase Type 2: 95 u/ml
 DMEM Reinecke H, Zhang M, Bartosek T, and Murry CE.: Survival, integration, and differentiation of cardiomyocyte grafts: a study in normal and injured rat hearts, Circulation 100(2), 193, 1999
Rat Rat, adult and neonatal Cardioomyocytes Collagenase Type 4: 0.12%-adult
Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%-neonatal
 DMEM/medium 199 Richards SM, Jaconi ME, Vassort G, and Puceat M.: A spliced variant of AE1 gene encodes a truncated form of Band 3 in heart: the predominant anion exchanger in ventricular myocytes, J. Cell Sci. 112, 1519, 1999
Rat Rat, Wistar, male Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 228 u/ml
 Joklik MEM Sambandam N, Abrahani MA, St Pierre E, Al-Atar O, Cam MC, and Rodrigues B.: Localization of lipoprotein lipase in the diabetic heart: regulation by acute changes in insulin, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 19(6), 1526, 1999
Rat Rat, 1-2 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 RPMI Matsui, T., Li, Ling, Del Monte, F., Fukui, Y., Franke, T., Hajjar, R., Rosenzweig, A.: Adenoviral gene transfer of activated phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and Akt inhibits apoptosis of hypoxic cardiomyocytes in vitro, Circulation 100, 2373-9, 1999
Rat Rat Thoracic aorta, smooth muscle Elastase: 0.02%
 (see reference) Zilberman, A., Dave, V., Miano, J., Olson, E., and Periasamy, M.: Evolutionary Conserved Promoter Region Containing CArg-Like Elements is Crucial for Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression, Circ. Res. 82, 566, 1998
Rat Rat, SD, 1 day Cardiomyocytes NCIS kit: per instructions
 DMEM/F-12 Wagner DR, Combes A, McTiernan C, Sanders VJ, Lemster B, Feldman AM: Adenosine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Circ. Res. 82, 47-56, 1998
Rat Rat, SD, 300-350 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.04%
 see reference Yu L, Netticadan T, Xu YJ, Panagia V, Dhalla NS: Mechanisms of lysophosphatidylcholine-induced increase in intracellular calcium in rat cardiomyocytes, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 286, 1-8, 1998
Rat Rat, SD, female, 200g Ventricular cardiac myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.5%
Hyaluronidase: 0.2%
 Krebs-Henseleit buffer Westfall M V, Rust E M, Metzger J M: Slow skeletal troponin I gene transfer, expression, and myofilament incorporation enhances adult cardiac myocyte contractile function, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 5444-9, 1997
Rat Rat, Wistar, 1 day Cardiomyoctes Collagenase Type 2: 80 u/ml
 HBSS Kinugawa, K., Kohmoto, O., Yao, A., Serizawa, T., and Takahashki, T.: Cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase negatively modulates myocardial function in cultured rat myocytes, Am. J. Physiol. 272, H35-47, 1997
Rat Rat, neonatal, 5-day Cardiomyocytes Trypsin: 0.05%
 DMEM Vanwinkle, W., Snuggs, M., and Buja, L.: Cardiogel: A Biosynthetic Extracellular Matrix for Cardiomyocyte Culture, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 32, 478, 1996
Rat Rat, SD, 250-300 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 Joklik's Sharma VK, Colecraft HM, Wang DX, Levey AI, Grigorenko EV, Yeh HH, and Sheu SS: Molecular and functional identification of m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat ventricular myocytes, Circ. Res. 79(1), 86, 1996
Rat Rat, SD, fetal and neonatal Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
Trypsin: 0.2%
 PBS Li RK, Mickle DA, Weisel RD, Zhang J, Mohabeer MK: In vivo survival and function of transplanted rat cardiomyocytes, Circ. Res. 78, 283-8, 1996
Rat Rat, SD, male, 200-250 g Myocytes
Ventricles		 Collagenase: 0.07%
 Joklik's MEM Laughlin, M., Schaeffer, M., and Sturek, M.: Effect of Exercise Training on Intracellular Free Ca2+ Transients in Ventricular Myocytes of Rats, Am. J. Physiol. 73, 1141, 1992
Rat Rat, SD, female, 60-90 days Myocardial Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Joklik's MEM, Kreb's-Henseleit buffer, CF Welder, A.A., Grant, R., Bradlaw, J., and Acosta, D.: A Primary Culture System of Adult Rat Heart Cells for the Study of Toxicologic Agents, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 27, 921, 1991
Rat Rat, SD, adult, female, 180-220 g Cardiomyocytes Collagenase: 0.11%
 (see reference) Fischer, Y., Rose, H., and Kammermeier. H.: Highly Insulin-Responsive Isolated Rat Heart Muscle Cells Yielded By a Modified Isolation Method, Life Sci. 49, 1679, 1991
Rat Rat, neonatal, 1-4 days Cardiomyocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.12%
 Krebs-Henseleit Buffer, CF Marino, T.A., Walter, R.,Cobb, E., Palasiuk, M., Parsons, T., and Mercer, W.E.: Effects of Norepinephrine on Neonatal Rat Cardiocyte Growth and Differentiation, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 26, 229, 1990
Rat Rat
(also bovine)		 Heart
Adrenal chromaffin
Paraneurons		 Trypsin: 0.06%
 25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMF Trifaro, J., Tang, R., and Novas, M.: Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 26, 335, 1990
Rat Rat, adult, female Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.05%
 Joklik's MEM Nag, A.C., Lee, M., and Kosiur, J.R.: Adult Cardiac Muscle Cells in Long-Term Serum-Free Culture:Myofibrillar Organization and Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 26, 464, 1990
Rat Rats, AW, late-gestation pregnant females Ventricular
Cardiomyocytes		 Collagenase Type 2: 0.05 - 0.08%
 See reference Engelmann, G., McTiernan, C., Gerrity, R., and Samarel, A.: Technique 2 (6), 279, 1990
Rat Rat,SD, albino, 10-14 weeks Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 100 u/ml and 150 u/ml
 Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer Berg, I., Guse, A.H., and Gercken, G.: Carbamoylcholine-Induced Accumulation of Inositol Mono-,Bis-,Tris-, And Tetrakisphosphates In Isolated Cardiac Myocytes From Adult Rats, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1010, 100, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, adult, female, 175 - 225 g Myocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
 Joklik's medium Bugaisky, L.B. and Zak, R.: Differentiation of Adult Rat Cardiac Myocytes in Cell Culture, Circ. Res. 64, 493, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250 - 350 g Myocytes, ventricular Collagenase Type 1: 90 and 100 u/ml
 Joklik's solution with and without calcium De Young, M., Giannattasio, B., and Scarpa, A.: Isolation of Calcium-Tolerant Atrial And Ventricular Myocytes From Adult Rat Heart, Vol. 173,, , 662, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, 2-4 day old Cardiomyocytes
Fibroblasts		 Trypsin: 0.1%
 HBSS Toraason, M., Luken, M.E., Breitenstein, M., Krueger, J.A., and Biagini, R.E.: Comparative Toxicity of Allylamine and Acrolein in Cultured Myocytes and Fibroblasts from Neonatal Rat Heart, Toxicology 56, 107, 1989
Rat Rat, SD, male Aortic smooth muscle Trypsin: 0.05%
 DMEM Cornwell, T., and Lincoln, T.: Regulation of Intracellular Ca2+ Levels in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, J. Biol. Chem. 264 (2), 1146, 1989
Rat Rat, adult, 150-200 g Myocytes, atria Collagenase Type 1: 100 u/ml
 Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate - HEPES buffer McMahon, K.K.: A Study of Adult Rat Atrial Myocyte Attachment to Extricellular Matrix Components and Long Term Culture,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, Eds), Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., 318, 1988
Rat Rat, SD Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Kreb's Ringer w/ calcium Buxton, I.L.O. and Doggwiler, K.O.: Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor Signal Transduction in the Adult Rat Cardiac Myocyte,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, eds), , 298, 1988
Rat Rat, SD, male, 250-350 g Myocytes, heart Hyaluronidase: 0.03%
 Bicarbonate-buffered medium Kim, D. and Smith, T.W.: Temporal Variation in Contractile State And [Ca++] in Isolated Adult Rat And Guinea Pig Cardiac Myocytes,Biology of Isolated Adult Cardiac Myocytes,(Clark, Decker, Borg, eds), , 370, 1988
Rat Rat, Wistar, 2-4 day neonates Myoblast, cardiac Trypsin: 0.1%
 Standardized Medium
(see reference)		 Grynberg, A., Degois, M., Guenot, L., and Athias, P.: Primary Rat Cardiac Cell Culture: Diet of the Mother Rats as a Determinant Parameter of Cardiomyoblast Production from Neonates, Biol. Cell. 57, 89, 1986
Rat Rat, SD, timid-pregnant Myocytes Trypsin: 2.4 u/ml
 DMEM Freerksen, D., Schroedl, N., and Hartzell, C.: Control of Enzyme Activity Levels by Serum and Hydrocortisone in Neonatal Rat Heart Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium, J. Cell. Physiol. 120, 126, 1984
Rat Rat, SD, female, 12 weeks Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.06%
 Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer Piper, H.M., Probst, I., Schwartz, P., Hutter, F.J., and Spieckermann, P.G.: Culturing of Calcium Stable Adult Cardiac Myocytes, J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 14, 397, 1982
Rat Rat, male/female, 200-250 g Muscle Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 Krebs Ringer phosphate buffer, CMF Nag, A. and Cheng, M.: Adult Mammalian Cardiac Muscle Cells in Culture, Tissue Cell 13, 515, 1981
Rat Rat, female, adult, 200 - 300 g Myocytes Collagenase Type 2: 0.1%
 Joklik's MEM Claycomb, W.C., and Palazzo, M.C.: Culture of The Terminally Differentiated Adult Cardiac Muscle Cell: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Dev. Biol. 80, 466, 1980
Rat Rat, SD, adult, male, 200-250 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.10%
 Joklik MEM, CF Frangakis, C., Bahl, J., McDaniel, H., and Bressler, R.: Tolerance to Physiological Calcium by Isolated Mycocytes from the Adult Rat Heart; An Improved Cellular Preparation, Life Sci. 27, 815, 1980
Rat Rat, SD, female, 12 wks, 250 g Myocytes
Ventricular myocardium		 Collagenase Type 1: 0.20%
 Kreb's Ringer bicarbonate buffer Powell, T., Terrar, D.A., and Twist, V.W.: Electrical Properties of Individual Cells Isolated From Adult Rat Ventricular Myocardium, J. Physiol. 302, 131, 1980
Rat Rat, 10 wk Myocytes Collagenase Type 1: 0.1%
 Saline Bishop, S., Oparil, S., Reynolds, R., and Drummond, J.: Regional Myocyte Size in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Hypertension 1 (4), 378, 1979
Rat Rat, male, 200-300 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 82 u/ml
 Kreb's Henseleit buffer Farmer, B., Harris, R., Jolly, W., Hathaway, D., Katzberg, A., Watanabe, A., Whitlow, A., and Besch, H.: Isolation and Characterization of Adult Rat Heart Cells, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 179, 545, 1977
Rat Rat, female, albino, 200-250 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 Kreb's Ringers phosphate Nag, A., Fischman, D., Aumont, M., and Zak, R.: Studies of Isolated Adult Rat Heart Cells: The Surface Morphology and the Influence of Extracellular Calcium Ion Concentration on Cellular Viability, Tissue Cell 9 (3), 419, 1977
Rat Rat, adult, male, 150-200g Myocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
Hyaluronidase: 0.1%
 MEM CF Grosso, D., Frangakis, C., Carlson, E., and Bressler, R.: Isolation and Characterization of Myocytes From the Adult Rat Heart, Prep. Biochem. 7 (5), 383, 1977
Rat Rat, adult Myocytes Collagenase: 0.1%
 Perfusing solution Moustafa, E., Skomedal, T., Osnes, J., and Oye, I.: Cyclic Amp Formation and Morphology of Myocardial Cells Isolated from Adult Heart: Effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 421, 411, 1976
Rat Rat, SD, albino, male, 180-230 g Heart ventricles, beating Collagenase: 0.05-0.2%
 Phosphate buffer Glick, M., Burns, A., and Reddy, W.: Dispersion and Isolation of Beating Cells from Adult Rat Heart, Anal. Biochem. 61, 32, 1974
Rat Rat, Hebrew Un strain, 3 & 17 months, 150-210 g Myocytes Trypsin: 0.05%
 Versene buffer Bierman, E.L., Stein, O., and Stein, Y.: Lipoprotein Uptake and Metabolism by Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Tissue Culture, Circ. Res. 35, 136, 1974
Rat Rat, 2-5 day Myocytes Trypsin: 0.01%
 Saline A Speicher, D.W., and McCarl, R.L.: Pancreatic Enzyme Requirements for the Dissociation of Rat Hearts for Culture, In Vitro 10, 30, 1974
Rat Rat, SD, male, 150-200 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.05%
 (see reference) Pretlow II, T., Glick, M., and Reddy, W.: Separation of Beating Cardiac Myocytes from Suspensions of Heart Cells, Am. J. Pathol. 67 (2), 215, 1972
Rat Rat, albino, male, 250 g Myocytes Hyaluronidase: 0.20%
 Hank's solution, CF Berry, M., Friend, D., and Scheuer, J.: Morphology and Metabolism of Intact Muscle Cells Isolated from Adult Rat Heart, Circ. Res. 26, 679, 1970
Rat Rat, adult, male, 250 g Myocytes Trypsin: 0.1%
 Saline A Vahouny, G.V., Wei, R., Starkweather, R., and Davis, C.: Preparation of Beating Heart Cells From Adult Rats, Science 167, 1616, 1970
Rat Rat, Wistar, 1-4 day old Myocytes Trypsin: 0.125%
 Gey's BSS Mark, G., and Strasser, F.: Pacemaker Activity and Mitosis in Cultures of Newborn Rat Heart Ventricle Cells, Exp. Cell Res. 44, 217, 1966
Shellfish Pacific Oysters Haemocytes Trypsin:
L15 medium Le Duff, R., Lipart, C., and Renault, T.: Primary Culture of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, heart cells, J. Tiss. Cult. Meth. 16, 67, 1994
Shellfish Clams, 3.0 to 4.5 cm Myocytes
Fibroblasts		 Collagenase Type 1: 2%
 L15 medium Wen, C., Kou, G., and Chen, S.: Cultivation of Cells From the Heart of the Hard Clam, Merretrix lusoria (Roding), J. Tiss. Cult. Meth. 15, 123, 1993