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Tissue References Search Tool

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Cartilage
Human
Human, 52-82 years
Pallu, S. , Francin, P. , Guillaume, C. , Gegout-Pottie, P. , Netter, P. , Mainard, D. , Terlain, B. and Presle, N.
Obesity Affects the Chondrocyte Responsiveness to Leptin in Patients with Osteoarthritis. ,
Arthritis Res Ther
 12 , R112 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.15%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.2-1.4 kg
Ju, X. , Deng, M. , Ao, Y. , Yu, C. , Wang, J. , Yu, J. , Cui, G. and Hu, Y.
Protective Effect of Sinomenine on Cartilage Degradation and Chondrocytes Apoptosis. ,
Yakugaku Zasshi
 130 , 1053-60 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.2%
Medium
DMEM
Endothelial
Rat
Rat, Wistar, male, 3 mo
Nagelkenke, J. , Barto, K. and VanBerkel, T.
In vivo and in vitro uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial, Kupffer, and parenchymal cells ,
J Biol Chem
 258 , 12221 , 1983
Cells
Endothelial
Kupffer
Parenchymal
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Pronase : 0.25%
Medium
HBSS
Epithelial
Canine
Dog
Virmani, A. , Naziruddin, B. , Desai, V. , Lowry, J. , Graves, D. and Sachdev, G.
Evidence for Secretion of High Molecular Weight Mucins by Canine Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Primary Culture: Effects of Select Secretagogues on Mucin Secretion ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 28A , 120 , 1992
Cells
Tracheal
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
DMEM
Epithelial
Hamster
Hamster, Syrian gold, male, 100-120 g
Niles,R. , Kim, K.C. , Hyman, B. , Christensen, T. , Wasano, K. and Brody, J.
Characterization Of Extended Primary And Secondary Cultures Of Hamster Tracheal Epithelial Cells ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 24 , 457 , 1988
Cells
Tracheal
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
MEM with Hepes, CMF
Epithelial
Human
Human
Gruenert, D.C. , Basbaum, C.B. and Widdicombe, J.H.
Long-Term Culture of Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cells Grown Under Serum-Free Conditions ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 26 , 411 , 1990
Cells
Epithelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
PBS
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, SD, male, 150 - 250 g
Dial, E. , Kao, Y. and Lichtenberger, L.
Effects of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 On Glycoprotein And Lipid Synthesis of Gastric Epithelial Cells Grown in a Primary Culture ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 27 , 39 , 1991
Cells
Epithelial
Stomach
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.15%
Medium
Medium 199
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, Fisher 344, male, 8 wks old,
250-300 g
Chang, L. , Wu, R. and Nettesheim, P.
Morphological Changes in Rat Tracheal Cells During The Adaptive and Early Growth Phase in Primary Cell Culture ,
J Cell Sci
 74 , 283 , 1985
Cells
Tracheal epithelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.5%
Medium
DMEM
Eye
Bovine
Bovine
Terlizzi, V. , Kolibabka, M. , Burgess, J. , Hammes, H. and Harmsen, M.
The Pericytic Phenotype of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells Is Promoted by NOTCH2. ,
Stem Cells
 36 , 240-251 , 2018
Cells
Retinal endothelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.02%
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Human
Human
Holt-Casper, D. , Theisen, J. , Moreno, A. , Warren, M. , Silva, F. , Grainger, D. , Bull, D. and Patel, A.
Novel Xeno-free Human Heart Matrix-Derived Three-Dimensional Scaffolds. ,
J Transl Med
 13 , 194 , 2015
Cells
Cardiac
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.045%
Pancreatin : 0.1%
Medium
DPBS
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, female, 14-18 g
Zhang Sui, Wang Dachun, Estrov Zeev, Raj Sean, Willerson James T, Yeh Edward T H.
Both cell fusion and transdifferentiation account for the transformation of human peripheral blood CD34-positive cells into cardiomyocytes in vivo ,
Circulation
 110 , 3803-7 , 2004
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Elastase : 0.03%
Pancreatin : 0.06%
Medium
see reference
Heart
Mouse
Mouse
Rybkin, I. , Markham, D. , Yan, Z. , Bassel-Duby, R. , Williams, R. and Olson, E.
Conditional Expression of SV40 T-antigen in Mouse Cardiomyocytes Facilitates an Inducible Switch from Proliferation to Differentiation ,
J Biol Chem
 278(18) , 15927 , 2003
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 8-10 week
Lee, J. , Ha, J. and Leem, C.
A Novel Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Correction Method for Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Measurement with FURA-2-FF in Single Permeabilized Ventricular Myocytes of Rat. ,
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
 19 , 373-82 , 2015
Cells
Ventricular myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.08%
Pronase : 0.004%
Medium
Tyrode's Solution
Heart
Rat
Rat, 2-3 day
LaFramboise, W. , Scalise, D. , Stoodley, P. , Graner, S. , Guthrie, R. , Magovern, J. and Becich, M.
Cardiac Fibroblasts Influence Cardiomyocyte Phenotype in Vitro. ,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
 292 , C1799-808 , 2007
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Rat
Rat, 1-2 day
Bueno OF, De Windt LJ, Tymitz KM, Witt SA, Kimball TR, Klevitsky R, Hewett TE, Jones SP, Lefer DJ, Peng CF, Kitsis RN. and Molkentin JD.
The MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes compensated cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice ,
EMBO J
 19(23) , 6341 , 2000
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 84 u/ml
Pancreatin : 0.05%
Medium
M199 medium
Heart
Rat
Rat, 1-3 day
Adderley SR. and Fitzgerald DJ.
Oxidative damage of cardiomyocytes is limited by extracellular regulated kinases 1/2-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2 ,
J Biol Chem
 274 , 5038 , 1999
Cells
Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Pancreatin : 0.06%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Heart
Rat
Rat, 1-2 day
Reinecke H, Zhang M, Bartosek T. and Murry CE.
Survival, integration, and differentiation of cardiomyocyte grafts: a study in normal and injured rat hearts ,
Circulation
 100(2) , 193 , 1999
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 95 u/ml
Pancreatin : 0.06%
Medium
DMEM
Kidney
Mouse
Mouse, embryonic
Brown, A. , Blank, U. , Adams, D. , Karolak, M. , Fetting, J. , Hill, B. and Oxburgh, L.
Isolation and Culture of Cells from the Nephrogenic Zone of the Embryonic Mouse Kidney. ,
J Vis Exp
 50 , e2555 , 2011
Cells
Kidney
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Liver
Mouse
Mouse, 12 week
Mederacke, I. , Dapito, D. , Affo, S. , Uchinami, H. and Schwabe, R.
High-Yield and High-Purity Isolation of Hepatic Stellate Cells from Normal and Fibrotic Mouse Livers. ,
Nat Protoc
 10 , 305-15 , 2015
Cells
Hepatic stellate
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.04%
Medium
DMEM
Liver
Mouse
Mouse
Rountree, C. , Ding, W. , Dang, H. , Vankirk, C. and Crooks, G.
Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion. ,
J Vis Exp
 56 , e3183 , 2011
Cells
CD133+ stem
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Liver
Rat
Rat, SD
Handy, J. , Saxena, N. , Fu, P. , Lin, S. , Mells, J. , Gupta, N. and Anania, F.
Adiponectin Activation of AMPK Disrupts Leptin-Mediated Hepatic Fibrosis via Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS-3). ,
J Cell Biochem
 110 , 1195 , 2010
Cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.02%
Collagenase : see reference
Medium
Medium 199
Liver
Rat
Rat, Wistar, female
Zvibel, I. , Atias, D. , Phillips, A. , Halpern, Z. and Oren, R.
Thyroid Hormones Induce Activation of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Through Increased Expression of p75 Neurotrophin Receptor and Direct Activation of Rho. ,
Lab Invest
 90 , 674 , 2010
Cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 0.025-0.1%
Pronase : 0.025-0.13%
Medium
DMEM
Liver
Rat
Rat, SD, 500-750 g
Li, Z. , Dranoff, J. , Chan, E. , Uemura, M. and Sevigny, J.and Wells, R.
Transforming Growth Factor-beta and Substrate Stiffness Regulate Portal Fibroblast Activation in Culture. ,
Hepatol
 46 , 1246-56 , 2007
Cells
Portal fibroblasts
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.03%
Pronase : 0.033%
Hyaluronidase : 0.036%
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Liver
Rat
Rat, adult
Jensen C. , Jauho E. , Santoni-Rugiu E. , Holmskov U. , Teisner B. , Tygstrup N. and Bisgaard H.
Transit-amplifying Ductular (oval) Cells and Their Hepatocytic Progeny are Characterized by a Novel and Distinctive Expression of Delta-like Protein/preadipocyte Factor 1/fetal Antigen 1 ,
Am J Pathol
 164(4) , 1347 , 2004
Cells
Hepatocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 1%
Medium
Williams E
Liver
Rat
Rat, CD strain, albino, male, 140 -180 g
Braun, L. , Mead, J. , Panzica, M. , Mikumo, R. , Bell, G. and Fausto, N.
Transforming Growth Factor B mRNA Increases During Liver Regeneration:A Possible Paracrine Mechanism Of Growth Regulation ,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
 85 , 1539 , 1988
Cells
Hepatocytes and Nonparenchymal
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
HEPES buffer with calcium
Liver
Rat
Rat, Wistar, male, 3 month old
Nagelkenke, J. , Barto, K. and VanBerkel, T.
In vivo and in vitro uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial, Kupffer, and parenchymal cells ,
J Biol Chem
 258 , 12221 , 1983
Cells
Endothelial
Kupffer
Parenchymal
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Pronase : 0.25%
Medium
HBSS
Lung
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, white, male, 1.7 Kg
Gould, M. , Clements, J. , Jones, A. and Felts, J.
Dispersal of Rabbit Lung into Individual Viable Cells: A New Model for the Study of Lung Metabolism ,
Science
 178 , 1209 , 1972
Cells
Lung
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.2%
Medium
Kreb's serum substitute solution, CMF
Mammary
Mouse
Mouse
Boulanger CA, Smith GH.
Reducing mammary cancer risk through premature stem cell senescence ,
Oncogene
 20 , 2264-72 , 2001
Cells
Mammary epithelial stem
Enzymes
Hyaluronidase : 0.1%
Pronase : 1.25%
Medium
DMEM
Mammary
Mouse
Mouse (BALB/cCrgl), mature
Bandyopadhyay, G. , Imagawa, W. , Wallace, D. and Nandi, S.
Proliferative effects of insulin and epidermal growth factor on mouse mammary epithelial cells in primary culture ,
J Biol Chem
 263 , 7567 , 1988
Cells
Epithelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.01%
Medium
Hepes buffered medium 199
Miscellaneous
Canine

Canine, Rat, Rabbit, Ovine, Bovine, Human

Basatvat, S. , Bach, F. , Barcellona, M. , Binch, A. , Buckley, C. , Bueno, B. , Chahine, N. , Chee, A. and Maitre, C.
Harmonization and Standardization of Nucleus Pulposus Cell Extraction and Culture Methods. ,
Spine
 6 , e1238 , 2023
Cells
nucleus pulposus
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.075%
Medium
DMEM
Miscellaneous
Human
Human
Sun, Y. , Lv, M. , Zhou, L. , Tam, V. , Lv, F. , Chan, D. , Wang, H. , Zheng, Z. , Cheung, K. and Leung, V.
Enrichment of Committed Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells Expressing Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans under Alginate Encapsulation. ,
Osteoarthritis Cartilage
 23 , 1194-203 , 2015
Cells
Nucleus pulposus
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.25%
Collagenase Type 2 : 600 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Miscellaneous
Porcine
Porcine, <10 week
Potier, E. and Ito. K.
Can Notochordal Cells Promote Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Potential for Nucleus Pulposus Enrichment? A Simplified in Vitro System. ,
Tissue Eng Part A
 20 , 3241-51 , 2014
Cells
Nucleus pulposus
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Pronase : 0.3%
Medium
DMEM
Miscellaneous
Porcine
Porcine, various ages
Cho, H. , Park, S. , Lee, S. , Kang, M. , Hasty, K. and Kim, S.
Snapshot of Degenerative Aging of Porcine Intervertebral Disc: A Model to Unravel the Molecular Mechanisms. ,
Exp Mol Med
 43 , 334-40 , 2011
Cells
Nucleous pulposus and AF
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.05%
Collagenase : 0.2%
Medium
Modified F-12K
Muscle
Mouse
Mouse, 10 week
Rezk, B. , Yoshida, T. , Semprun-Prieto, L. , Higashi, Y. , Sukhanov, S. and Delafontaine, P.
Angiotensin II Infusion Induces Marked Diaphragmatic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. ,
PLoS ONE
 7 , e30276 , 2012
Cells
Diaphragm cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 100 u/ml
Pronase : 0.125%
Medium
PBS
Organoids
Human

Human

Vaart, J. , Böttinger, L. , Geurts, M. , Wetering, W. , Knoops, K. , Sachs, N. , Begthel, H. , Korving, J. , Lopez-Iglesias, C. , Peters, P. , Eitan, K. , Gileles-Hillel, A. and Clevers, H.
Modelling of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia using Patient-derived Airway Organoids. , EMBO Rep Vol. 22 , e52058 , 2021
Cells
Airway organoids
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.15%
Collagenase : 0.05%
Medium
Airway medium
Reproductive
Bovine
Bovine
(also porcine, human)
Marcus, G. , Connor, L. , Domingo, M. , Tsang, B. , Downey, B. and Ainsworth, L.
Enzymatic Dissociation of Ovarian and Uterine Tissues ,
Endocr Res
 10 , 151 , 1984
Cells
Interna & corpus luteum
Endometrium
Ovarian
Uterine
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
Moscona's BSS

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.