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Tissue References Search Tool

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Brain
Rat
Rat, SD, 1-2 day
Kurachi, M. , Mikuni, M. and Ishizaki, Y.
Extracellular Vesicles from Vascular Endothelial Cells Promote Survival, Proliferation and Motility of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. ,
PLoS ONE
 11 , e0159158 , 2016
Cells
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Enzymes
Papain : 16.5 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Brain
Rat
Rat, SD, E18
Folts, C. , Scott-Hewitt, N. , Proschel, C. , Mayer-Proschel, M. and Noble, M.
Lysosomal Re-acidification Prevents Lysosphingolipid-Induced Lysosomal Impairment and Cellular Toxicity. ,
PLoS Biol
 14 , e1002583 , 2016
Cells
Neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Brain
Rat
Rat, P0-P15
Foo, L.
Purification of Rat and Mouse Astrocytes by Immunopanning. ,
Cold Spring Harb. Protoc.
 2013 , 421-32 , 2013
Cells
Astrocytes
Enzymes
Papain : 5 u/ml
Medium
DPBS
Brain
Rat
Rat, SD, neonatal
Kaiser, O. , Aliuos, P. , Wissel, K. , Lenarz, T. , Werner, D. , Reuter, G. , Kral, A. and Warnecke, A.
Dissociated Neurons and Glial Cells Derived from Rat Inferior Colliculi After Digestion with Papain. ,
PLoS ONE
 8 , e80490 , 2013
Cells
Neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
Neuro medium
Brain
Rat
Rat, Fisher, 7-21 month
Chen, N. , Newcomb, J. , Garbuzova-Davis, S. , Davis Sanberg, C. , Sanberg, P. and Willing, A.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Have Trophic Effects on Young and Aging Hippocampal Neurons in Vitro. ,
Aging Dis
 1 , 173 , 2010
Cells
Hippocampal neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 0.2%
Medium
Hibernate A
Brain
Rat
Rat, SD, 19-21 day
Cao, R. , Li, A. , Cho, H. , Lee, B. and Obrietan, K.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Modulates Photic Entrainment of the Suprachiasmatic Circadian Clock. ,
J Neurosci
 30 , 6302 , 2010
Cells
Suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 100 u/ml
Medium
MEM
Brain
Rat
Rat, neonatal
Shigetomi, E. and Khakh, B.
Measuring Near Plasma Membrane and Global Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes. ,
J Vis Exp
 26 , 1142 , 2009
Cells
Astrocytes
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
EBSS
Brain
Rat
Rat, neonatal
Richler Esther, Chaumont Severine, Shigetomi Eiji, Sagasti Alvaro, Khakh Baljit S.
Tracking transmitter-gated P2X cation channel activation in vitro and in vivo ,
Nat Methods
 5 , 87-93 , 2008
Cells
Hippocampal neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 10 u/ml
Medium
EBSS
Brain
Rat
Rat, E18
Jekabsons MB, Nicholls DG.
Bioenergetic analysis of cerebellar granule neurons undergoing apoptosis by potassium/serum deprivation ,
Cell Death Differ
 13 , 1595-610 , 2006
Cells
Hippocampal neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 0.2%
Medium
Hibernate
Brain
Rat
Rat, E19
Khakh Baljit S, Fisher James A, Nashmi Raad, Bowser David N, Lester Henry A.
An angstrom scale interaction between plasma membrane ATP-gated P2X2 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic channels measured with fluorescence resonance energy transfer and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy ,
J Neurosci
 25 , 6911-20 , 2005
Cells
Hippocampal neuron
Enzymes
Papain : 10 u/ml
Medium
MEM
Brain
Rat
Rat, SD, E18
Behar, T, Smith, S, Kennedy, R, Mckenzie, J, Maric, I. and Barker, J
GABA(B) receptors mediate motility signals for migrating embryonic cortical cells ,
Cereb Cortex
 11 , 744-53 , 2001
Cells
Cortical cells
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
EBSS
Brain
Rat
Rat, wistar, 250-300 g
Brzezinska AK, Gebremedhin D, Chilian WM, Kalyanaraman B, Elliott SJ.
Peroxynitrite reversibly inhibits Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells ,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
 278 , H1883 , 2000
Cells
Cerebral artery smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Papain : 1.5 mg/ml
Collagenase Type 4 : 1.5 mg/ml
Medium
Physiological Salt Solution
Brain
Rat
Rat, wistar, neonatal
Boehm S, Betz H.
Somatostatin inhibits excitatory transmission at rat hippocampal synapses via presynaptic receptors ,
J Neurosci
 17 , 4066 , 1997
Cells
Hippocampal cells
Enzymes
Papain : 1 mg/ml
Medium
DMEM
Brain
Rat
Rat, SD, Fisher
Brewer, G.J.
Isolation and culture of adult rat hippocampal neurons of any age ,
J Neurosci Methods
 71 , 143 , 1997
Cells
Hippocampal neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 0.2%
Medium
HibernateA/B27
Endothelial
Rat
Rat, Wistar, male, 3 mo
Nagelkenke, J. , Barto, K. and VanBerkel, T.
In vivo and in vitro uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial, Kupffer, and parenchymal cells ,
J Biol Chem
 258 , 12221 , 1983
Cells
Endothelial
Kupffer
Parenchymal
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Pronase : 0.25%
Medium
HBSS
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, adult
(also hamster)
Heimann, T. and Githens, S.
Rat Pancreatic Duct Epithelium Cultured on a Porous Support Coated with Extracellular Matrix ,
Pancreas
 6 (5) , 514 , 1991
Cells
Interlobular duct fragments
Medium
DMEM/Ham's F-12
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, SD, male, 150 - 250 g
Dial, E. , Kao, Y. and Lichtenberger, L.
Effects of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 On Glycoprotein And Lipid Synthesis of Gastric Epithelial Cells Grown in a Primary Culture ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 27 , 39 , 1991
Cells
Epithelial
Stomach
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.15%
Medium
Medium 199
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, Fisher 344, male, 8 wks old,
250-300 g
Chang, L. , Wu, R. and Nettesheim, P.
Morphological Changes in Rat Tracheal Cells During The Adaptive and Early Growth Phase in Primary Cell Culture ,
J Cell Sci
 74 , 283 , 1985
Cells
Tracheal epithelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.5%
Medium
DMEM
Eye
Rat

Rat, SD, 1-2 day

Lian, W. , Hu, X. , Zhang, J. , Wu, Y. , Zhao, N. , Ma, H. , He, H. and Lu, Q.
Fucoxanthin Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Promotes Parkin-mediated Mitophagy against Glutamate Excitotoxicity. ,
Neuroreport
 34 , 385-394 , 2023
Cells
Retinal ganglion
Enzymes
Papain : 0.5%
Medium
MEM
Eye
Rat
Rat, Wister, 3-30 wk
Cameron, M. , Kekesi, O. , Morley, J. , Tapson, J. , Breen, P. , Van Schaik, A. and Buskila, Y.
Calcium Imaging of AM Dyes Following Prolonged Incubation in Acute Neuronal Tissue. ,
PLoS ONE
 11 , e0155468 , 2016
Cells
Retinal
Enzymes
Papain : 30 u/ml
Medium
EBSS
Eye
Rat
Rat, SD, 180-220g
Ma, J. , Yu, W. , Wang, Y. , Cao, G. , Cai, S. , Chen, X. , Yan, N. , Yuan, Y. , Zeng, H. , Fleenor, D. , Liu, X. and Pang, I.
Neuroprotective Effects of C-type Natriuretic Peptide on Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells. ,
Inv Ophthal Visual Sci
 51 , 3544-53 , 2010
Cells
Retinal ganglion
Enzymes
Papain : 0.2%
Medium
Neurobasal
Eye
Rat
Rat, SD
Jing, S. , Wen, D. , Yu, Y. , Holst, P. , Luo, Y. , Fang, M. , Tamir, R. , Antonio, L. , Hu, Z. and et al.
GDNF-Induced Activation of the Ret Protein Tyrosine Kinase is Mediated by GDNFR-a, a Novel Receptor for GDNF ,
Cell
 85 , 1113 , 1996
Cells
Retina
Enzymes
Papain : 120 U
Medium
HBSS, PBS
Eye
Rat
Rat, Long Evans, 1-15 days
Huettner, J. and Baughman, R.
Primary Culture of Identified Neurons From the Visual Cortex of Postnatal Rats ,
J Neurosci
 6 , 3044 , 1986
Cells
Neurons, visual cortex
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
BSS
(see reference)
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 8-10 week
Lee, J. , Ha, J. and Leem, C.
A Novel Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Correction Method for Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Measurement with FURA-2-FF in Single Permeabilized Ventricular Myocytes of Rat. ,
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
 19 , 373-82 , 2015
Cells
Ventricular myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.08%
Pronase : 0.004%
Medium
Tyrode's Solution
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 200-250 g
Lu Tong, Ye Dan, Wang Xiaoli, Seubert John M, Graves Joan P, Bradbury J Alyce, Zeldin Darryl C, Lee Hon-Chi.
Cardiac and vascular KATP channels in rats are activated by endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through different mechanisms ,
J Physiol
 575 , 627-44 , 2006
Cells
Ventricular myocytes and mesenteric arterial SMC
Enzymes
Papain : 0.175%
Medium
Krebs-Ringer
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, adult female
Puri S, Bansal DD, Uskokovic MR. and MacGregor RR.
Induction of tissue plasminogen activator secretion from rat heart microvascular cells by fM 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) ,
Am J Physiol/Endo
 278(2) , E293 , 2000
Cells
Heart microvascular cells
Enzymes
CLSPA : 250u/ml
Papain : 5 u/ml
Elastase : 0.8 u/ml
Medium
L-15
Liver
Rat
Rat, SD
Handy, J. , Saxena, N. , Fu, P. , Lin, S. , Mells, J. , Gupta, N. and Anania, F.
Adiponectin Activation of AMPK Disrupts Leptin-Mediated Hepatic Fibrosis via Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS-3). ,
J Cell Biochem
 110 , 1195 , 2010
Cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.02%
Collagenase : see reference
Medium
Medium 199
Liver
Rat
Rat, Wistar, female
Zvibel, I. , Atias, D. , Phillips, A. , Halpern, Z. and Oren, R.
Thyroid Hormones Induce Activation of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Through Increased Expression of p75 Neurotrophin Receptor and Direct Activation of Rho. ,
Lab Invest
 90 , 674 , 2010
Cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 0.025-0.1%
Pronase : 0.025-0.13%
Medium
DMEM
Liver
Rat
Rat, SD, 500-750 g
Li, Z. , Dranoff, J. , Chan, E. , Uemura, M. and Sevigny, J.and Wells, R.
Transforming Growth Factor-beta and Substrate Stiffness Regulate Portal Fibroblast Activation in Culture. ,
Hepatol
 46 , 1246-56 , 2007
Cells
Portal fibroblasts
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.03%
Pronase : 0.033%
Hyaluronidase : 0.036%
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Liver
Rat
Rat, adult
Jensen C. , Jauho E. , Santoni-Rugiu E. , Holmskov U. , Teisner B. , Tygstrup N. and Bisgaard H.
Transit-amplifying Ductular (oval) Cells and Their Hepatocytic Progeny are Characterized by a Novel and Distinctive Expression of Delta-like Protein/preadipocyte Factor 1/fetal Antigen 1 ,
Am J Pathol
 164(4) , 1347 , 2004
Cells
Hepatocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 1%
Medium
Williams E
Liver
Rat
Rat, CD strain, albino, male, 140 -180 g
Braun, L. , Mead, J. , Panzica, M. , Mikumo, R. , Bell, G. and Fausto, N.
Transforming Growth Factor B mRNA Increases During Liver Regeneration:A Possible Paracrine Mechanism Of Growth Regulation ,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
 85 , 1539 , 1988
Cells
Hepatocytes and Nonparenchymal
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
HEPES buffer with calcium
Liver
Rat
Rat, Wistar, male, 3 month old
Nagelkenke, J. , Barto, K. and VanBerkel, T.
In vivo and in vitro uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial, Kupffer, and parenchymal cells ,
J Biol Chem
 258 , 12221 , 1983
Cells
Endothelial
Kupffer
Parenchymal
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Pronase : 0.25%
Medium
HBSS
Lung
Rat
Rat, male, 200-250g
Bakhramov, A, Evans, M. and Kozlowski, R
Differential effects of hypoxia on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of myocytes isolated from different regions of the rat pulmonary arterial tree ,
Exp Physiol
 83 , 337-47 , 1998
Cells
Pulmonary arterial myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.15%
Papain : 0.15%
Elastase : 0.05%
Medium
PBS
Muscle
Rat
Rat, SD, 250 g
Jaggar JH.
Intravascular pressure regulates local and global Ca(2+) signaling in cerebral artery smooth muscle cells ,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
 281 , C439-48 , 2001
Cells
Arterial smooth muscle
Enzymes
Papain : 0.03%
Collagenase : 0.1%
Medium
see reference
Muscle
Rat
Rat, SHRs and WKY, male, 10 - 14 weeks
Bolzon, B. and Cheung, D.
Isolation and Characterization of Single Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ,
Hypertension
 14 , 137 , 1989
Cells
Smooth muscle, tail arteries
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
HEPES buffer
(see reference)
Neural
Rat
Rat, embryonic
Oyanagi, K. , Tashiro, T. and Negishi, T.
Cell-Type-Specific and Differentiation-Status-Dependent Variations in Cytotoxicity of Tributyltin in Cultured Rat Cerebral Neurons and Astrocytes. ,
J Toxicol Sci
 40 , 459-68 , 2015
Cells
Cerebral neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 2 u/ml
Medium
DMEM-PBS

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.