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Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 1-6 day
Watzka SB, Lucien J, Shimada M, Edwards V, Yeger H, Hannigan G. and Coles JG.
Selection of viable cardiomyocytes for cell transplantation using three-dimensional tissue culture ,
Transplantation
 70 , 1310 , 2000
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Medium
PBS
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 3-7 month
Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH.
Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation ,
Mol Biol Cell
 10 , 1569-79 , 1999
Cells
Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Collagenase : see reference
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 1-3 day
Wang, G. and Kang, Y.
Inhibition of Doxorubicin Toxicity in Cultured Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes with Elevated Metallothionein Levels ,
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
 288(3) , 938 , 1999
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
FBS-MEM
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 6-9 or 21-41 day
Valenzuela, D. , Han, X. , Mende, U. , Fankhauser, C. , Mashimo, H. , Huang, P. , Pfeffer, J. , Neer, E. and Fishman, M.
G alpha(o) is Necessary for Muscarinic Regulation of Ca2+ Channels in Mouse Heart ,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
 94(5) , 1727 , 1997
Cells
Ventricular and atrial myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 95 u/ml
Hyaluronidase : 172.5 u/ml
Trypsin : 0.002%
Medium
DMEM/Tyrodes
Heart
Porcine
Porcine
Christ, M. , Gunther, A. , Heck, M. , Schmidt, B. , Falkenstein, E. and Wehling, M.
Aldosterone, Not Estradiol, Is the Physiological Agonist for Rapid Increases in cAMP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ,
Circulation
 99 , 1485 , 1999
Cells
Coronary vascular smooth muscle (PCVSMCs)
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.037%
Medium
HEPES
Heart
Porcine
Miniature swine, adult, female, 25-40 kg, familiarized with treadmill exercise
Bowles, D. , Hu, Q. , Laughlin, M. and Sturek, M.
Exercise Training Increases L-type Calcium Current Density in Coronary Smooth Muscle ,
Am J Physiol
 275 (44) , H2159 , 1998
Cells
Coronary smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
Krebs bicarbonate solution
Heart
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 3-3.5 kg
Fowler, E. , Wang, N. , Hezzell, M. , Chanoit, G. , Hancox, J. and Cannell, M.
Arrhythmogenic Late Ca2+ Sparks in Failing Heart Cells and Their Control by Action Potential Configuration ,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
 117 , 2687-2692 , 2020
Cells
Cardiac Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.08%
Protease XIV : 0.005%
Collagenase Type 1 : 0.1-0.2%
Medium
HEPES
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 1 day
Clark, A. and Naya, F.
MicroRNAs in the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2)-regulated Gtl2-Dio3 Noncoding RNA Locus Promote Cardiomyocyte Proliferation by Targeting the Transcriptional Coactivator Cited2. ,
J Biol Chem
 290 , 23162-72 , 2015
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.025%
Medium
HBSS
Heart
Rat
Rat, neonatal
Zhang, B. , Montgomery, M. , Davenport-Huyer, L. , Korolj, A. and Radisic, M.
Platform Technology for Scalable Assembly of Instantaneously Functional Mosaic Tissues. ,
Sci. Adv.
 1 , e1500423 , 2015
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.06%
Collagenase Type 2 : 220 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 1-2 day
Zhang, B. , Green, J. , Murthy, S. and Radisic, M.
Label-Free Enrichment of Functional Cardiomyocytes using Microfluidic Deterministic Lateral Flow Displacement. ,
PLoS ONE
 7 , e37619 , 2012
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.06%
Collagenase Type 2 : 220 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Rat
Rat, neonatal
Guan, X. , Delo, D. , Atala, A. and Soker, S.
In Vitro Cardiomyogenic Potential of Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells. ,
J Tissue Eng Regen Med
 5 , 220 , 2011
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.07%
Medium
DMEM/M199
Heart
Rat
Rat
Jenkins, C. , Milsted, A. , Doane, K. , Meszaros, G. , Toot, J. and Ely, D.
A Cell Culture Model using Rat Coronary Artery Adventitial Fibroblasts to Measure Collagen Production. ,
BMC Cardiovasc Disord
 7 , 13 , 2007
Cells
Ventricular fibroblasts
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.06%
Collagenase : 100 u/ml
Medium
ADS Buffer:see reference
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 2-4 day
Entcheva, E. , Bien, H, Yin L. , Chung, C. , Farrell, M. and Kostov, Y.
Functional Cardiac Cell Constructs on Cellulose-based Scaffolding ,
Biomaterials
 25(26) , 5753 , 2004
Cells
Cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Collagenase : 0.1%
Medium
Medium 199
Heart
Rat
Rat, 50 g
Aberle II NS. and Ren J.
Experimental Assessment of the Role of Acetaldehyde in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy ,
Biol Proced Online
 5 , 1 , 2003
Cells
Ventricular myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 223 u/ml
Hyaluronidase : 0.01%
Trypsin : 0.002%
Medium
Medium 199
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 175-200g
Tardif Annie, Julien Nathalie, Chiasson Jean-Louis, Coderre Lise.
Stimulation of glucose uptake by chronic vanadate pretreatment in cardiomyocytes requires PI 3-kinase and p38 MAPK activation ,
Am J Physiol/Endo
 284 , E1055-64 , 2003
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Medium
Krebs-Ringer
Heart
Rat
Rat, adult
Ren J. and Wold LE.
Measurement of Cardiac Mechanical Function in Isolated Ventricular Myocytes from Rats and Mice by Computerized Video-Based Imaging ,
Biol Proced Online
 3 , 43 , 2001
Cells
Ventricular myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 223 u/ml
Hyaluronidase : 0.01%
Trypsin : 0.002%
Medium
Tyrode solution
Heart
Rat
Rat, Harlan SD, pup
Schwartzbauer, G. and Robbins, J.
The Tumor Suppressor Gene PTEN Can Regulate Cardiac Hypertrophy and Survival ,
J Biol Chem
 276 , 35786 , 2001
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Medium
DMEM/Ham's F-12
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 1-2 day
Arutunyan A, Webster D, Swift L, Sarvazyan N.
Localized injury in cardiomyocyte network: a new experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias ,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
 280 , H1905-15 , 2001
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.01%
Medium
HBSS
Heart
Rat
Rat, newborn
Kim, D. and Pleumsamran, A.
Cytoplasmic Unsaturated Free Fatty Acids Inhibit ATP-Dependent Gating of the G Protein-gated K+ Channel ,
J Gen Physiol
 115 , 287 , 2000
Cells
Atrial
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.06%
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Rat
Rat, Lewis, adult male, 300-350-g
Kim, B. , Nikolovski, J. , Bonadio, J. , Smiley, E. and Mooney, D.
Engineered Smooth Muscle Tissues: Regulating Cell Phenotype with the Scaffold ,
Exp Cell Res
 251 , 318 , 1999
Cells
Aorta, smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.025%
Medium
Medium 199 with 20% FBS medium
Heart
Rat
Rat, 10-15 newborn, 1-2 days old
Nemec, J. , Wickman, K. and Clapham, D.
GBy Binding Increases the Open Time of IKACh: Kinetic Evidence for Multiple GBy Binding Sites ,
Biophys J
 76 , 246 , 1999
Cells
Atrial
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.03%
Medium
HBSS or EBSS
Heart
Rat
Rat, neonatal, 5-day
Vanwinkle, W. , Snuggs, M. and Buja, L.
Cardiogel: A Biosynthetic Extracellular Matrix for Cardiomyocyte Culture ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim
 32 , 478 , 1996
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, fetal and neonatal
Li RK, Mickle DA, Weisel RD, Zhang J, Mohabeer MK.
In vivo survival and function of transplanted rat cardiomyocytes ,
Circ Res
 78 , 283-8 , 1996
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.1%
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
PBS
Heart
Rat
Rat
(also bovine)
Trifaro, J. , Tang, R. and Novas, M.
Monolayer Co-Culture of Rat Heart Cells and Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Paraneurons ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 26 , 335 , 1990
Cells
Heart
Adrenal chromaffin
Paraneurons
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.06%
Medium
25mM HEPES buffered Locke's solution, CMF
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 2-4 day old
Toraason, M. , Luken, M. , Breitenstein, M. , Krueger, J. and Biagini, R.
Comparative Toxicity of Allylamine and Acrolein in Cultured Myocytes and Fibroblasts from Neonatal Rat Heart ,
Toxicology
 56 , 107 , 1989
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Fibroblasts
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
HBSS
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, male
Cornwell, T. and Lincoln, T.
Regulation of Intracellular Ca2+ Levels in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ,
J Biol Chem
 264 (2) , 1146 , 1989
Cells
Aortic smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Rat
Rat, Wistar, 2-4 day neonates
Grynberg, A. , Degois, M. , Guenot, L. and Athias, P.
Primary Rat Cardiac Cell Culture: Diet of the Mother Rats as a Determinant Parameter of Cardiomyoblast Production from Neonates ,
Biol Cell
 57 , 89 , 1986
Cells
Myoblast, cardiac
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
Standardized Medium
(see reference)
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, timid-pregnant
Freerksen, D. , Schroedl, N. and Hartzell, C.
Control of Enzyme Activity Levels by Serum and Hydrocortisone in Neonatal Rat Heart Cells Cultured in Serum-Free Medium ,
J Cell Physiol
 120 , 126 , 1984
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 2.4 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Rat
Rat, Hebrew Un strain, 3 & 17 months, 150-210 g
Bierman, E.L. , Stein, O. and Stein, Y.
Lipoprotein Uptake and Metabolism by Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Tissue Culture ,
Circ Res
 35 , 136 , 1974
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05%
Medium
Versene buffer
Heart
Rat
Rat, 2-5 day
Speicher, D. and McCarl, R.
Pancreatic Enzyme Requirements for the Dissociation of Rat Hearts for Culture ,
In Vitro
 10 , 30 , 1974
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.01%
Medium
Saline A
Heart
Rat
Rat, adult, male, 250 g
Vahouny, G.V. , Wei, R. , Starkweather, R. and Davis, C.
Preparation of Beating Heart Cells From Adult Rats ,
Science
 167 , 1616 , 1970
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
Saline A
Heart
Rat
Rat, Wistar, 1-4 day old
Mark, G. and Strasser, F.
Pacemaker Activity and Mitosis in Cultures of Newborn Rat Heart Ventricle Cells ,
Exp Cell Res
 44 , 217 , 1966
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.125%
Medium
Gey's BSS
Heart
Shellfish
Pacific Oysters
Le Duff, R. , Lipart, C. and Renault, T.
Primary Culture of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, heart cells ,
J Tiss Cul Meth
 16 , 67 , 1994
Cells
Haemocytes
Medium
L15 medium
Intestine
Human
Human
Trapecar, M. , Khan, S. , Roan, N. , Chen, T. , Telwatte, S. , Deswal, M. , Pao, M. , Somsouk, M. , Deeks, S. , Hunt, P. , Yukl, S. and Sanjabi, S.
An Optimized and Validated Method for Isolation and Characterization of Lymphocytes from HIV+ Human Gut Biopsies. ,
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
 33 , S31-S39 , 2017
Cells
Lymphocytes
Enzymes
CLSPA : 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I : 0.00075%
Medium
RPMI-1640
Intestine
Human
Human
Stallmach A, Schaffer F, Hoffmann S, Weber S, Muller-Molaian I, Schneider T, Kohne G, Ecker KW, Feifel G, Zeitz M.
Increased state of activation of CD4 positive T cells and elevated interferon gamma production in pouchitis ,
Gut
 43 , 499-505 , 1998
Cells
Mucosal mononuclear cells
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI
Intestine
Mouse

Mouse

Kumar, S. , Suman, S. , Li, H. , Angdisen, J. , Datta, K. and Fornace, A.
High-linear Energy Transfer Radiation Disrupts Natural Killer Cell Surveillance of Senescent Intestinal Cells in the Mouse Intestine. , Mol Biomed Vol. 7 , 2026
Cells
Organoids
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.