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Tissue References Search Tool

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Adipose/Fat
Rat
Rat, SD, various weights and ages
Woodward, Julie A. and Saggerson, E.
Effect of Adenosine Deaminase, N6-Phenylisopropyladenosine and Hypothroidism on the Responsiveness of Rat Brown Adipocytes to Noradrenaline ,
Biochem J
 238 , 395 , 1986
Cells
Brown adipocytes
Interscapular & cervical depots
Enzymes
Medium
Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, white, 4-6 wk & 22-25 wk
Plaas, A. , Sandy, J. and Kimura, J.
Biosynthesis of Cartilage Proteoglycan & Link Protein Articular Chondrocytes ,
J Biol Chem
 263 , 7560 , 1988
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 5 mg/g of tissue
Medium
Ham's F-12
Colon
Rat
Rat, adult
Somara, S. , Bashllari, D. , Gilmont, R. and Bitar, K.
Real-Time Dynamic Movement of Caveolin-1 During Smooth Muscle Contraction of Human Colon and Aged Rat Colon Transfected with Caveolin-1 cDNA. ,
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
 300 , G1022 , 2011
Cells
Colon smooth muscle
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Endothelial
Bovine
Bovine
Yu, M. , McAndrew, R. , Al-Saghir, R. , Maier, K. , Medhora, M. , Roman, R. and Jacobs, E.
Nitric Oxide Contributes to 20-HETE-Induced Relaxation of Pulmonary Arteries. ,
J Appl Physiol
 93 , 1391 , 2002
Cells
Pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.04-0.05%
Medium
RPMI-1640
Endothelial
Rat
Rat, SD, male, 250-300 g
Schwertschlag, U.S. and Whorton, A.R.
Platelet-Activating Factor-Induced Homologous and Heterologous Desensitization In Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ,
J Biol Chem
 263 , 13791 , 1988
Cells
Smooth muscle, aorta
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS with 0.2 mM Ca++
Epithelial
Human
Human
Smoot, D. , Sewchand, J. , Young, K. , Desbrodes, B. , Allen, C. and Naab, T.
A Method for Establishing Primary Cultures of Human Gastric Epithelial Cells ,
Meth Cell Sci
 22 , 133 , 2000
Cells
Gastric epithelial cells
Enzymes
Medium
L-15
Epithelial
Mouse
Mouse, male, 8-16 week
Breggia, A. and Himmelfarb, J.
Primary Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells have Variable Injury Tolerance to Ischemic and Chemical Mediators of Oxidative Stress. ,
Oxid Med Cell Longev
 1 , 33 , 2008
Cells
Renal tubular epithelial
Enzymes
Collagenase : 200 u/ml
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor : see reference
Medium
HBSS
Epithelial
Mouse
Mouse, 11 week
Mueller, S. , Clark, J. , Myers, P. and Korach, K.
Mammary Gland Development in Adult Mice Requires Epithelial and Stromal Estrogen Receptor Alpha. ,
Endocrinology
 143 , 2357 , 2002
Cells
Epithelial
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 3 : 25 u/ml
Hyaluronidase : 0.1%
Protease XIV : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Heart
Canine
Canine
Harleton, E. , Besana, A. , Comas, G. , Danilo, P. , Rosen, T. , Argenziano, M. , Rosen, M. , Robinson, R. and Feinmark, S.
Ability to Induce Atrial Fibrillation in the Peri-Operative Period is Associated with Phosphorylation-Dependent Inhibition of TWIK Protein-Related Acid-Sensitive Potassium Channel 1 (TASK-1). ,
J Biol Chem
 288 , 2829-38 , 2013
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 60 u/ml
Protease XIV : 0.5 u/ml
Medium
See reference
Heart
Fish
Zebrafish
Fowler, E. , Wang, N. , Hezzell, M. , Chanoit, G. , Hancox, J. and Cannell, M.
Arrhythmogenic Late Ca2+ Sparks in Failing Heart Cells and Their Control by Action Potential Configuration ,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
 117 , 2687-2692 , 2020
Cells
Cardiac Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.08%
Protease XIV : 0.005%
Collagenase Type 1 : 0.1-0.2%
Medium
HEPES
Heart
Human
Human
Todor Anastassia, Sharov Victor G, Tanhehco Elaine J, Silverman Norman, Bernabei Alvise, Sabbah Hani N.
Hypoxia-induced cleavage of caspase-3 and DFF45/ICAD in human failed cardiomyocytes ,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
 283 , H990-5 , 2002
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.013%
Medium
HEPES solution
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, male, 12-18 week
Jian, Z, Chen, Y, Shimkunas, R, Jian, Y, Jaradeh, M, Chavez, K, Chiamvimonvat, N, Tardiff, J, Izu, L, Ross, R. and Chen-Izu, Y
In Vivo Cannulation Methods for Cardiomyocytes Isolation from Heart Disease Models. ,
PLoS ONE
 11 , e0160605 , 2016
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 300 u/ml
Protease XIV : 0.004%
Medium
Perfusion solution (see reference)
Heart
Mouse

Mouse, 8-12 week

Ackers-Johnson, M. , Li, P. , Holmes, A. , O'Brien, S. , Pavlovic, D. and Foo, R.
A Simplified, Langendorff-Free Method for Concomitant Isolation of Viable Cardiac Myocytes and Nonmyocytes From the Adult Mouse Heart. ,
Circ Res
 119 , 909-20 , 2016
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.005%
Medium
Perfusion buffer (see reference)
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, adult, 9-13 week
Kabaeva, Z. , Zhao, M. and Michele, D.
Blebbistatin Extends Culture Life of Adult Mouse Cardiac Myocytes and Allows Efficient and Stable Transgene Expression. ,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
 294 , H1667-74 , 2008
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 620 u/ml
Protease XIV : 0.104 u/ml
Medium
Myocyte buffer see reference
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, adult, 6-12 week
Shioya, T.
A Simple Technique for Isolating Healthy Heart Cells from Mouse Models. ,
J Physiol Sci
 57 , 327-35 , 2007
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.006%
Protease XIV : 0.006%
Medium
see reference
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 2-4 mo
Zhou YY, Wang SQ, Zhu WZ, Chruscinski A, Kobilka BK, Ziman B, Wang S, Lakatta EG, Cheng H, Xiao RP.
Culture and adenoviral infection of adult mouse cardiac myocytes: methods for cellular genetic physiology ,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
 279 , H429-36 , 2000
Cells
Ventricular myocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.002%
Medium
MEM
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 3-7 month
Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH.
Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation ,
Mol Biol Cell
 10 , 1569-79 , 1999
Cells
Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Collagenase : see reference
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Ovine
Ovine
Voigt, N. , Pearman, C. , Dobrev, D. and Dibb, K.
Methods for Isolating Atrial Cells from Large Mammals and Humans. ,
J Mol Cell Cardiol
 86 , 187-98 , 2015
Cells
Atrial myocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.006%
Medium
Tyrode's solution
Heart
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 3-3.5 kg
Fowler, E. , Wang, N. , Hezzell, M. , Chanoit, G. , Hancox, J. and Cannell, M.
Arrhythmogenic Late Ca2+ Sparks in Failing Heart Cells and Their Control by Action Potential Configuration ,
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
 117 , 2687-2692 , 2020
Cells
Cardiac Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.08%
Protease XIV : 0.005%
Collagenase Type 1 : 0.1-0.2%
Medium
HEPES
Heart
Rat
Rat, adult
Xu, X. and Colecraft, H.
Primary Culture of Adult Rat Heart Myocytes. ,
J Vis Exp
 28 , 1308 , 2009
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.02%
Medium
Media 199
Intestine
Human
Human
Stallmach A, Schaffer F, Hoffmann S, Weber S, Muller-Molaian I, Schneider T, Kohne G, Ecker KW, Feifel G, Zeitz M.
Increased state of activation of CD4 positive T cells and elevated interferon gamma production in pouchitis ,
Gut
 43 , 499-505 , 1998
Cells
Mucosal mononuclear cells
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI
Kidney
Mouse

Mouse

Comeau, K. , Caillon, A. , Paradis, P. and Schiffrin, E.
Determination of Interleukin-17A and Interferon-γ Production in γδ, CD4, and CD8 T Cells Isolated from Murine Lymphoid Organs, Perivascular Adipose Tissue, Kidney, and Lung. ,
Bio Protoc
 13 , e4679 , 2023
Cells
T cells
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI
Kidney
Mouse
Mouse, male, 8-16 week
Breggia, A. and Himmelfarb, J.
Primary Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells have Variable Injury Tolerance to Ischemic and Chemical Mediators of Oxidative Stress. ,
Oxid Med Cell Longev
 1 , 33 , 2008
Cells
Renal tubular epithelial
Enzymes
Collagenase : 200 u/ml
Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor : see reference
Medium
HBSS
Kidney
Mouse
Mouse, male, 12-16 week
Cunningham, R. , Xiaofei, E. , Steplock, D. , Shenolikar, S. and Weinman, E.
Defective PTH Regulation of Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transport in NHERF-1-/- Renal Proximal Tubule Cells and Wild-Type Cells Adapted to Low-Phosphate Media. ,
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
 289 , F933 , 2005
Cells
Renal proximal tubule cells
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Kidney
Mouse
Mouse, 3-7 month
Bradshaw AD, Francki A, Motamed K, Howe C, Sage EH.
Primary mesenchymal cells isolated from SPARC-null mice exhibit altered morphology and rates of proliferation ,
Mol Biol Cell
 10 , 1569-79 , 1999
Cells
Fibroblasts, mesangial, smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Collagenase : see reference
Medium
DMEM
Kidney
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand
Taub, M.
Primary Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells. ,
Methods Mol Biol
 290 , 231 , 2005
Cells
Proximal tubule cells
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Kidney
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white, male, 1.5 - 2.0 Kg
Naray-Fejes-Toth, A. and Fejes-Toth, G.
Immunoelection and Culture of Cortical Collecting Duct Cells ,
J Tiss Cul Meth
 13 , 179 , 1991
Cells
Duct
Enzymes
Medium
Hank's Solution with calcium and HEPES
Lung
Mouse

Mouse

Comeau, K. , Caillon, A. , Paradis, P. and Schiffrin, E.
Determination of Interleukin-17A and Interferon-γ Production in γδ, CD4, and CD8 T Cells Isolated from Murine Lymphoid Organs, Perivascular Adipose Tissue, Kidney, and Lung. ,
Bio Protoc
 13 , e4679 , 2023
Cells
T cells
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI
Mammary
Mouse
Mouse, 11 week
Mueller, S. , Clark, J. , Myers, P. and Korach, K.
Mammary Gland Development in Adult Mice Requires Epithelial and Stromal Estrogen Receptor Alpha. ,
Endocrinology
 143 , 2357 , 2002
Cells
Epithelial
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 3 : 25 u/ml
Hyaluronidase : 0.1%
Protease XIV : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Miscellaneous
Human
Human
Ozdener, H. , Spielman, A. and Rawson, N.
Isolation and Culture of Human Fungiform Taste Papillae Cells ,
J Vis Exp
 63 , e3730 , 2012
Cells
Fungiform taste papillae
Enzymes
Medium
see reference
Miscellaneous
Human
Human
Patino WillmarD, Kang Ju-Gyeong, Matoba Satoaki, Mian OmarY, Gochuico BernadetteR, Hwang PaulM.
Atherosclerotic plaque macrophage transcriptional regulators are expressed in blood and modulated by tristetraprolin ,
Circ Res
 98 , 1282-9 , 2006
Cells
Carotid artery plaque macrophage
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Miscellaneous
Human
Smoot, D. , Sewchand, J. , Young, K. , Desbrodes, B. , Allen, C. and Naab, T.
A Method for Establishing Primary Cultures of Human Gastric Epithelial Cells ,
Meth Cell Sci
 22 , 133 , 2000
Cells
Gastric epithelial cells
Enzymes
Medium
L-15
Miscellaneous
Human
Human
Lanas. A. , Nerin, J. , Esteva, F. and Sainz, R.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prostaglandin Effects on Pepsinogen Secretion by Dispersed Human Peptic Cells. ,
Gut
 36 , 657-63 , 1995
Cells
Peptic cells
Enzymes
Medium
Ringer solution
Miscellaneous
Mouse
Mouse, 25-30 g
Minamoto Kanji, Pinsky DavidJ.
Recipient iNOS but not eNOS deficiency reduces luminal narrowing in tracheal allografts ,
J Exp Med
 196 , 1321-33 , 2002
Cells
Tracheal inflammatory cells
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI 1640
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Yu, M. , McAndrew, R. , Al-Saghir, R. , Maier, K. , Medhora, M. , Roman, R. and Jacobs, E.
Nitric Oxide Contributes to 20-HETE-Induced Relaxation of Pulmonary Arteries. ,
J Appl Physiol
 93 , 1391 , 2002
Cells
Pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.04-0.05%
Medium
RPMI-1640
Muscle
Fish
Dogfish, Squalus acanthias , 2-6 Kg
(also guinea-pig, rabbit, frog)
Mitra, R. and Morad, M.
A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates ,
Am J Physiol
 249 , H1056 , 1985
Cells
Myocytes, heart and stomach
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.028%
Medium
Solution C
(see reference)

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.