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Tissue References Search Tool

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Cartilage
Porcine
Porcine, 1 year
Chowdhury, T. , Schulz, R. , Rai, S. , Thuemmler, C. , Wuestneck, N. , Bader, A. and Homandberg, G
Biomechanical Modulation of Collagen Fragment-Induced Anabolic and Catabolic Activities in Chondrocyte/Agarose Constructs. ,
Arthritis Res Ther
 12 , R82 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Medium
DEMEM
Cartilage
Porcine
Porcine, 2-4 month
Graff RD, Lazarowski ER, Banes AJ, Lee GM.
ATP release by mechanically loaded porcine chondrons in pellet culture ,
Arthritis Rheum
 43 , 1571-9 , 2000
Cells
Chondrons
Enzymes
Medium
PBS
Cartilage
Rabbit

Rabbit, New Zealand, 2.7 kg

Khalilifar, M. , Eslaminejad, M. , Ghasemzadeh, M. , Hosseini, S. and Baharvand, H.
In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Different Types of Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. , Cell J Vol. 21 , 150-160 , 2019
Cells
Ear mesenchymal stem
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.2-1.4 kg
Ju, X. , Deng, M. , Ao, Y. , Yu, C. , Wang, J. , Yu, J. , Cui, G. and Hu, Y.
Protective Effect of Sinomenine on Cartilage Degradation and Chondrocytes Apoptosis. ,
Yakugaku Zasshi
 130 , 1053-60 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.2%
Medium
DMEM
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.8-2.3kg
Mehraban F, Tindal MH, Proffitt MM, Moskowitz RW.
Temporal pattern of cysteine endopeptidase (cathepsin B) expression in cartilage and synovium from rabbit knees with experimental osteoarthritis: gene expression in chondrocytes in response to interleukin-1 and matrix depletion ,
Ann Rheum Dis
 56 , 108 , 1997
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Medium
Gey's solution
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, white, 4-6 wk & 22-25 wk
Plaas, A. , Sandy, J. and Kimura, J.
Biosynthesis of Cartilage Proteoglycan & Link Protein Articular Chondrocytes ,
J Biol Chem
 263 , 7560 , 1988
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 5 mg/g of tissue
Medium
Ham's F-12
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, white, male, 8 weeks
Benya, P.D. , Padilla, S.R. and Nimni, M.E.
The Progeny of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes Synthesize Collagen Types I and III and Type I Trimer, but Not Type II ,
Biochemistry
 16 , 865 , 1977
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Gey's BSS
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white or Dutch, 1 week
(also human, newborn)
Schindler, F.H. , Ose, M.A. and Solursh, M.
The Synthesis of Cartilage Collagen by Rabbit and Human Chondrocytes in Primary Cell Culture ,
In Vitro
 12 , 44 , 1976
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
Saline G, CMF
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white, immature, 2.25 - 3.3 Kg
Green, J.R. and William, T.
Articular Cartilage Repair. Behavior of Rabbit Chondrocytes During Tissue Culture and Subsequent Allografting ,
Clin Orthop Relat Res
 , 237 , 1976
Cells
Articular chondrocytes
Hyaline
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Gey's BSS
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white, male, 250-350 g
Bentley, G. and Greer , R.
Homotransplantation of Isolated Epiphyseal and Articular Cartilage Chondrocytes into Joint Surfaces of Rabbits ,
Nature
 230 , 385 , 1971
Cells
Epiphyseal
Articular cartilage
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
Eagle's basal medium
Cartilage
Rat
Rat
Mei, L. , Shen, B. , Ling, P. , Liu, S. , Xue, J. , Liu, F. , Shao, H. , Chen, J. , Ma, A. and Liu, X.
Culture-expanded Allogenic Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells Attenuate Cartilage Degeneration in an Experimental Rat Osteoarthritis Model. ,
PLoS ONE
 12 , e0176107 , 2017
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Cartilage
Rat
Rat, SD, young, 100-120 g
Shimomura, Y. , Yoneda, T. and Suzuki, F.
Osteogenesis by Chondrocytes from Growth Cartilage of Rat Rib ,
Calcif Tissue Res
 19 , 179 , 1975
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Ham's F-12 medium
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Lee, E. , Choi, J. , Hyun, J. , Cho, K. , Hwang, I. , Lee, H. , Chang, J. and Choi, I.
Steroid Effects on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Steroid Receptor Gene Expression in Adult Bovine Satellite Cells. ,
AJAS
 20 , 501 , 2007
Cells
Muscle satellite cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 300 u/ml
Medium
Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Yu, M. , McAndrew, R. , Al-Saghir, R. , Maier, K. , Medhora, M. , Roman, R. and Jacobs, E.
Nitric Oxide Contributes to 20-HETE-Induced Relaxation of Pulmonary Arteries. ,
J Appl Physiol
 93 , 1391 , 2002
Cells
Pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.04-0.05%
Medium
RPMI-1640
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Absher, M. , Woodcock-Mitchell, J. , Mitchell, J. , Baldor, L. , Low, R. and Warshaw, D.
Characterization of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype in Long-Term Culture ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 25 (2) , 183 , 1989
Cells
Smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
DMEM
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Warshaw, D. , Szarek, J. , Hubbard, M. and Evans, J.
Pharmacology and Force Development of Single Freshly Isolated Bovine Cartoid Artery Smooth Muscle Cells ,
Circ Res
 58 , 399 , 1986
Cells
Vascular smooth muscle
Enzymes
Elastase Type 3 : 50 u/ml
Medium
PSS
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Davies, P. and Kerr, C.
Modification of LDL Metabolism by Growth Factors in Cultured Vascular Cells and Human Skin Fibroblasts ,
Biochim Biophys Acta
 712 , 26 , 1982
Cells
Smooth muscle, fibroblasts
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.055%
Medium
DMEM
Muscle
Canine
Canine
Parker, M. , Loretz, C. , Tyler, A. , Snider, L. , Storb. R. and Tapscott, S.
Inhibition of CD26/DPP-IV Enhances Donor Muscle Cell Engraftment and Stimulates Sustained Donor Cell Proliferation. ,
Skelet Muscle
 2 , 4 , 2012
Cells
Skeletal muscle
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 4 : 200 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 1 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Muscle
Canine
Dog
Subramanian, M. , Madden, J. and Harder, D.
A Method for the Isolation of Cells from Arteries of Various Sizes ,
J Tiss Cul Meth
 13 , 13 , 1991
Cells
Smooth muscle
Enzymes
Elastase : 50 u/ml
Medium
PSS
Muscle
Canine
Dog, beagle, adult
Wilde, D. and Lee, K.
Outward Potassium Currents in Freshly Isolated Smooth Muscle Cell of Dog Coronary Arteries ,
Circ Res
 65 , 1718 , 1989
Cells
Smooth muscle
Vascular
Enzymes
Elastase : 34 u/ml
Medium
Tyrode's solution w/ calcium
Muscle
Canine
Dog
Dobrin, P. and Canfield, T.
Elastase, Collagenase, and the Biaxial Elastic Properties of Dog Carotid Artery ,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
 247 (16) , H124 , 1984
Cells
Artery
Carotid
Enzymes
Elastase : 80 u/ml
Medium
PSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chicken, 1-2 day
Dirksen W. , Vladic F. and Fisher S.
A Myosin Phosphatase Targeting Subunit Isoform Transition Defines a Smooth Muscle Developmental Phenotypic Switch ,
Am J Physiol/Cell
 278(3) , C589 , 2000
Cells
Gizzard and aorta smooth muscle
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chick
Chamley-Campbell, J. , Campbell, G. and Ross, R.
The Smooth Muscle in Cell Culture ,
Physiol Res
 59 , 1 , 1979
Cells
Smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05% - 0.1%
Medium
HBSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chick, white leghorn, 12 day
Bullaro, J. and Brookman, D.
Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Monolayer Cultures Initiated With Cells Dissociated by the Vortex and Trypsin Methods ,
In Vitro
 12 , 564 , 1976
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
Puck's saline A
Muscle
Chicken
Chick, white leghorn, embryos, 11 day
Tepperman, K. , Morris, G. , Essien, F. and Heywood, S.M.
A Mechanical Dissociation Method For Preparation of Muscle Cell Cultures ,
J Cell Physiol
 86 , 561 , 1975
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05%
Medium
Saline G
Muscle
Chicken
Chick embryo
Hilfer, S. and Brown, J.
Collagenase. Its Effectiveness as a Dispersing Agent for Embryonic Chick Thyroid and Heart ,
Exp Cell Res
 65 , 246 , 1971
Cells
Thyroid
Muscle
Heart
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.25%
Medium
Tyrode's saline, potassium free
Muscle
Chicken
Chick, embryonic
Hilfer, S.
Collagenase Treatment of Chick Heart and Thyroid , Tissue Cult Methods & Applications , Kruse, P., and Patterson, M. , 246 , 1971
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
CMF HBSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chick embryonic
Rinaldini, L.
An Improved Method for the Isolation and Quantitative Cultivation of Embryonic Cells ,
Exp Cell Res
 16 , 477 , 1959
Cells
Various tissues (heart, liver, skeletal, cardiac)
Enzymes
Trypsin : various grades
Medium
CMF Tyrode's solution
Muscle
Feline
Cat, adult mongrel, either sex, 2.5-4.0 kg
Madden, J. , Vadula, M. and Kurup, V.
Effects of Hypoxia and Other Vasoactive Agents on Pulmonary and Cerebral Artery Smooth Muscle Cells ,
Am J Physiol
 263 , L384 , 1992
Cells
Cerebral arteries
Enzymes
Elastase : 50 u/ml
Medium
Puck's solution
Muscle
Feline
Cat, mongrel, adult, 2-4 kg
Follmer, C.H. , Ten Eick, R.E. and Yeh, J.Z.
Sodium Current Kinetics in Cat Atrial Myocytes ,
J Physiol
 384 , 169 , 1987
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.12%
Medium
Kreb's Henseleit, CF
Muscle
Fish
Zebrafish
Alexander, M. , Kawahara, G. , Kho, A. , Howell, M. , Pusack, T. , Myers, J. , Montanaro, F. , Zon, L. , Guyon, J. and Kunkel, L.
Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Adult Zebrafish Cells Enriched for Skeletal Muscle Progenitors. ,
Muscle Nerve
 43 , 741-50 , 2011
Cells
Myogenic progenitor
Enzymes
Medium
PBS
Muscle
Fish
Dogfish, Squalus acanthias , 2-6 Kg
(also guinea-pig, rabbit, frog)
Mitra, R. and Morad, M.
A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates ,
Am J Physiol
 249 , H1056 , 1985
Cells
Myocytes, heart and stomach
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.028%
Medium
Solution C
(see reference)
Muscle
Frog
Frog, Xenopus laevis, embryos stage 17 & 19
Stollberg, J. and Fraser, S.
Acetylcholine Receptors and Con A-Binding Sites on Xenopus Muscle Cells ,
J Cell Biol
 107 , 1397 , 1988
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.10%
Medium
Steinberg's solution
Muscle
Frog
Frog
Shepherd, N. and Kavaler, F.
Direct Control of Contraction Force of Single Frog Atrial Cells by Extracellular Ions ,
Am J Physiol
 251 , C653 , 1986
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
CF Ringer
Muscle
Frog
Frog, Rana pipiens (50-100 g)
(also guinea-pig, rabbit, dogfish, Squalus acanthias )
Mitra, R. and Morad, M.
A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates ,
Am J Physiol
 249 , H1056 , 1985
Cells
Myocytes, heart and stomach
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.028%
Medium
Solution C
(see reference)
Muscle
Frog
Frog, Xenopus laevis
Anderson, M.J. , Cohen, M.W. and Zorychta, E.
Effects of Innervation on the Distribution of Acetylcholine Receptors on Cultured Muscle Cells ,
J Physiol
 268 , 731 , 1977
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.5%
Medium
L15 medium
(see reference)

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.