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Neural
Mouse
Mouse, 6-8 week
Malin, S. , Davis, B. and Molliver, D.
Production of Dissociated Sensory Neuron Cultures and Considerations for their use in Studying Neuronal Function and Plasticity ,
Nat Protoc
 2 , 152 , 2007
Cells
Sensory neurons, DRG
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Porcine
Porcine, adult, 60-100 kg
Si ML, Lee TJ.
Presynaptic alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate nicotine-induced nitric oxidergic neurogenic vasodilation in porcine basilar arteries ,
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
 298 , 122 , 2001
Cells
Superior cervical ganglia
Enzymes
Papain : 2 u/ml
Collagenase : 0.12%
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Rat
Rat, SD, 3 month
Andersen, N. and Monje, P.
Isolation, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Adult Rodent Schwann Cells Derived from Immediately Dissociated Teased Fibers. ,
Methods Mol Biol
 1739 , 49-66 , 2018
Cells
Schwann
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Neural
Rat
Rat, SD
Andersen, N. , Srinivas, S. , Pinero, G. and Monje, P.
A Rapid and Versatile Method for the Isolation, Purification and Cryogenic Storage of Schwann Cells from Adult Rodent Nerves. ,
Sci Rep
 6 , 31781 , 2016
Cells
Schwann
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
DMEM
Neural
Rat
Rat, E19-21 and P1-3
Ghogha, A. , Bruun, D. and Lein, P.
Inducing Dendritic Growth in Cultured Sympathetic Neurons. ,
J Vis Exp
 61 , e3546 , 2012
Cells
Sympathetic neurons
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Neural
Rat
Rat, 20-30 day
Bosmans, F. , Puopolo, M. , Martin-Eauclaire, M. , Bean, B. and Swartz, K.
Functional Properties and Toxin Pharmacology of a Dorsal Root Ganglion Sodium Channel Viewed through its Voltage Sensors. ,
J Gen Physiol
 138 , 59 , 2011
Cells
Dorsal root ganglion
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
L-15
Neural
Rat
Rat, Fisher, 8-9 week
Lie DC, Dziewczapolski G, Willhoite AR, Kaspar BK, Shults CW, Gage FH.
The adult substantia nigra contains progenitor cells with neurogenic potential ,
J Neurosci
 22 , 6639 , 2002
Cells
Adult progenitor
Enzymes
Papain : 2.5 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I : 250 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 1 u/ml
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Neural
Rat
Rat, SD, adult, 250-300g, P8
Davies, S. , Fitch, M. , Memberg, S. , Hall, A, Raisman, G. and Silver, J.
Regeneration of Adult Axons in White Matter Tracts of the Central Nervous System ,
Nature
 390 , 680 , 1997
Cells
Neurons, DRG
Enzymes
Medium
L-15 w/ CO2
Neural
Rat
Rat, 1-6 day
Robertson, S. , Rae, M. , Rowan, E. and Kennedy, C.
Characterization of a P2X-Purinoceptor in Cultured Neurones of the Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia. ,
Br J Pharmacol
 118 , 951 , 1996
Cells
DRG neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Collagenase Type 1 : 150 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Rat
Rat, pups, 14 day old
McFarlane, S. and Cooper, E.
Extrinsic Factors Influence the Expression of Voltage-Gated K Currents on Neonatal Rat Sympathetic Neurons ,
J Neurosci
 13 (6) , 2591 , 1993
Cells
Neurons, sympathetic
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Shellfish
Aplysia californica
Lee, A. , Decourt, B. and Suter, D.
Neuronal Cell Cultures from Aplysia for High-Resolution Imaging of Growth Cones. ,
J Vis Exp
 12 , 662 , 2008
Cells
Neurons
Enzymes
Medium
L-15-ASW
Organoids
Human

Human, adolescent

Hemeryck, L. , Hermans, F. , Chappell, J. , Kobayashi, H. , Lambrechts, D. , Lambrichts, I. , Bronckaers, A. and Vankelecom, H.
Organoids from Human Tooth Showing Epithelial Stemness Phenotype and Differentiation Potential. ,
Cell Mol Life Sci
 79 , 153 , 2022
Cells
Epithelial organoids
Enzymes
Medium
MEM
Organoids
Human

Human, embryonic

Nikolić, M. , Caritg, O. , Jeng, Q. , Johnson, J. , Sun, D. , Howell, K. , Brady, J. , Laresgoiti, U. , Allen, G. , Butler, R. , Zilbauer, M. , Giangreco, A. and Rawlins, E.
Human Embryonic Lung Epithelial Tips are Multipotent Progenitors that can be Expanded In vitro as Long-term Self-renewing Organoids. ,
Elife
 6 , 2017
Cells
Lung organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

Fujimura, T. , Enomoto, Y. , Katsura, H. , Ogawa, T. , Baba, S. , Ogata, A. , Yamaoka, A. , Shiroguchi, K. and Morimoto, M.
Identifying a Lung Stem Cell Subpopulation by Combining Single-Cell Morphometrics, Organoid Culture, and Transcriptomics. ,
Stem Cells
 41 , 809-820 , 2023
Cells
Lung
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 450 u/ml
Elastase : 1 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 5 u/ml
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse, embryonic

Nikolić, M. , Caritg, O. , Jeng, Q. , Johnson, J. , Sun, D. , Howell, K. , Brady, J. , Laresgoiti, U. , Allen, G. , Butler, R. , Zilbauer, M. , Giangreco, A. and Rawlins, E.
Human Embryonic Lung Epithelial Tips are Multipotent Progenitors that can be Expanded In vitro as Long-term Self-renewing Organoids. ,
Elife
 6 , 2017
Cells
Lung organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse, 8-12 week

Huch, M. , Bonfanti, P. , Boj, S. , Sato, T. , Loomans, C. , Van de Wetering, M. , Sojoodi, M. , Li, V. , Schuijers, J. , Gracanin, A. , Ringnalda, F. , Begthel, H. , Hamer, K. , Mulder, J. , Van Es, J. and De Koning, E.
Unlimited In Vitro Expansion of Adult Bi-Potent Pancreas Progenitors Through the Lgr5/R-Spondin Axis. ,
EMBO J
 32 , 2708-21 , 2013
Cells
Pancreas organoid
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 0.012%
Collagenase : 0.012%
Medium
DMEM
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

Xue, X. and Shah, Y.
In Vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors. ,
J Vis Exp
 , e50210 , 2013
Cells
Colon tumor organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

Barthel, E. , Speer, A. , Levin, D. , Sala, F. , Hou, X. , Torashima, Y. , Wigfall, C. and Grikscheit, T.
Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model. ,
J Vis Exp
 70 , e4279 , 2012
Cells
Intestinal organoids
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 800 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 0.013%
Medium
DMEM
Pancreas
Bovine
Bovine (Bos taurus)
Sato, T. , Sato, M. , Hudson, E. and Jones, R.
Characterization of Bovine Pancreatic Ductal Cells Isolated by a Perfusion-Digestion Technique ,
In Vitro
 19 , 651 , 1983
Cells
Ductal
Enzymes
Medium
EBSS
Pancreas
Human
Human
Brissova, M. , Haliyur, R. , Saunders, D. , Shrestha, S. , Dai, C. , Blodgett, D. , Bottino, R. , Campbell-Thompson, M. , Aramandla, R. , Poffenberger, G. , Lindner, J. , Pan, F. , von Herrath, M. , Greiner, D. and Shultz, L.
α Cell Function and Gene Expression Are Compromised in Type 1 Diabetes. ,
Cell Rep
 22 , 2667-2676 , 2018
Cells
Islets
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 1,600u/isolation
Neutral Protease : 200 u/isolation
Deoxyribonuclease I : 12,000 u/isolation
Medium
RPMI
Pancreas
Mouse
Mouse, 8-12 week
Huch, M. , Bonfanti, P. , Boj, S. , Sato, T. , Loomans, C. , Van de Wetering, M. , Sojoodi, M. , Li, V. , Schuijers, J. , Gracanin, A. , Ringnalda, F. , Begthel, H. , Hamer, K. , Mulder, J. , Van Es, J. and De Koning, E.
Unlimited In Vitro Expansion of Adult Bi-Potent Pancreas Progenitors Through the Lgr5/R-Spondin Axis. ,
EMBO J
 32 , 2708-21 , 2013
Cells
Pancreas organoid
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 0.012%
Collagenase : 0.012%
Medium
DMEM
Pancreas
Mouse
Mouse, embryonic
Greggio, C. , De Franceschi, F. , Figueiredo-Larsen, M. , Gobaa, S. , Ranga, A. , Semb, H. , Lutolf, M. and Grapin-Botton, A.
Artificial Three-Dimensional Niches Deconstruct Pancreas Development In Vitro. ,
Development
 140 , 4452-62 , 2013
Cells
Pancreatic progenitor
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 0.125%
Medium
DMEM
Parotid
Mouse
Mouse
Ogawa, M. , Oshima, M. , Imamura, A. , Sekine, Y. , Ishida, K. , Yamashita, K. , Nakajima, K. , Hirayama, M. , Tachikawa, T. and Tsuji, T.
Functional Salivary Gland Regeneration by Transplantation of a Bioengineered Organ Germ. ,
Nat Commun
 4 , 2498 , 2013
Cells
Parotid and sublingual glandular
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 50 u/ml
Collagenase Type 1 : 100 u/ml
Medium
PBS
Reproductive
Human
Human
Patel, J. , Seppanen, E. , Chong, M. , Yeo, J. , Teo, E. , Chan, J. , Fisk, N. and Khosrotehrani, K.
Prospective Surface Marker-Based Isolation and Expansion of Fetal Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells from Human Term Placenta. ,
Stem Cells Transl Med
 2 , 839-47 , 2013
Cells
Endothelial colony forming
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Reproductive
Human
Human
Steigman, S. and Fauza, D.
Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Amniotic Fluid and Placenta. ,
Curr Protoc Stem Cell Biol
 Chapter 1 , Unit 1E.2 , 2007
Cells
Mesenchymal stem
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : see reference
Medium
CMF-DPBS
Reproductive
Human
Human
Zhang, S. , Wernig, M. , Duncan, I. , Brustle, O. and Thomson, J.
In Vitro Differentiation of Transplantable Neural Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells ,
Nat Biotechnol
 19 , 1129 , 2001
Cells
Stem, embryonic
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 0.01% - 0.02%
Medium
DMEM
Reproductive
Mouse
Mouse
Venkataraman, L. , Lenis, A. , Couri, B. , Damaser, M. and Ramarurthi, A
Induced Regenerative Elastic Matrix Repair in LOXL 1 Knockout Mouse Cell Cultures: Towards Potential Therapy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse ,
J Tissue Sci Eng
 3 , 3 , 2012
Cells
Vaginal smooth muscle
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 175 u/ml
Elastase : 0.025%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Reproductive
Mouse
Mouse
Chen, L. , Belton, R. and Nowak, R.
Basigin-Mediated Gene Expression Changes in Mouse Uterine Stromal Cells During Implantation. ,
Endocrinology
 150 , 966 , 2009
Cells
Uterine stomal
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F12
Reproductive
Rat
Rat
Jiang, H. , Zhang, Y. , Tian, K. , Wang, B. and Han, S.
Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Through Transplantation of Placental Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ,
Sci Rep
 7 , 41837 , 2017
Cells
Placental mesenchymal
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Reproductive
Rat
Rat, SD, female, immature, 26 day
(also rat, pregnant and pseudopregnant)
Tellieria, C. , Ou, J. , Sugino, N. , Ferguson, S. and Gibori, G.
The Expression of Interleukin-6 in the Pregnant Rat Corpus Luteum and Its Regulation by Progesterone and Glucocorticoid ,
Endocrinology
 139 (8) , 3597 , 1998
Cells
Corpus luteum
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 2.4 u/ml Deoxyribonuclease: 200u/ml
Medium
Serum-free medium
(see reference)
Skin
Canine
Canine
Zheng, Y. , Nace, A. , Chen, W. , Watkins, K. , Sergott, L. , Homan, Y. , Vandeberg, J. , Breen, M. and Stenn, K.
Mature Hair Follicles Generated from Dissociated Cells: A Universal Mechanism of Folliculoneogenesis. ,
Dev Dyn
 239 , 2619-26 , 2010
Cells
Epidermal
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.35%
Medium
DMEM
Skin
Goat
Goat
Deng, Y. , Hu, J. and Athanasiou, K.
Isolation and Chondroinduction of a Dermis-Isolated, Aggrecan-Sensitive Subpopulation with High Chondrogenic Potential. ,
Arthritis Rheum
 56 , 168 , 2007
Cells
Dermis isolated aggrecan sensitive
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Skin
Human

Human

Burja, B. , Paul, D. , Tastanova, A. , Edalat, S. , Gerber, R. , Houtman, M. , Elhai, M. , Bürki, K. , Staeger, R. , Restivo, G. , Lang, R. , Sodin-Semrl, S. , Lakota, K. , Tomšič, M. , Levesque, M. , Distler, O. , Rotar, �. , Robinson, M. and Frank-Bertoncelj, M.
An Optimized Tissue Dissociation Protocol for Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of Fresh and Cultured Human Skin Biopsies. , Front Cell Dev Biol Vol. 10 , 872688 , 2022
Cells
Skin
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 2.4 u/ml
Collagenase Type 4 : 1,000 u/ml
Medium
RPMI
Skin
Human
Human
Botting, Ra. , Bertram, K. , Baharlou, H. , Sandgren, K. , Fletcher, J. , Rhodes, J. , Rana, H. , Plasto, T. , Wang, X. , Lim, J. , Barnouti, L. , Kohout, M. , Papadopoulos, T. , Merten, S. , Olbourne, N. and Cunningham, A.
Phenotypic and Functional Consequences of Different Isolation Protocols on Skin Mononuclear Phagocytes. ,
J Leukoc Biol
 101 , 1393-1403 , 2017
Cells
Mononuclear phagocytes
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 1 u/ml
Collagenase : 200 u/ml
Trypsin : 0.5%
Medium
RPMI-1640
Skin
Human
Human
Chen, Z. , Wang, X. , Jin, T. , Wang, Y. , Hong, C. , Tan, L. , Dai, T. , Wu, L. , Zhuang, Z. and Shi, C.
Increase in the Radioresistance of Normal Skin Fibroblasts but not Tumor Cells by Mechanical Injury. ,
Cell Death Dis
 8 , e2573 , 2017
Cells
Fibroblasts
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Skin
Human
Human
Cheuk, S. , Wiken, M. , Blomqvist, L. , Nylen, S. , Talme, T. and Stahle, M.and Eidsmo, L.
Epidermal Th22 and Tc17 Cells Form a Localized Disease Memory in Clinically Healed Psoriasis. ,
J Immunol
 192 , 3111 , 2014
Cells
Skin
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI 1640

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.