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Tissue References Search Tool

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Brain
Mouse
Mouse, 6-12 week
Chung, W. , Farley, J. , Swenson, A. , Barnard, J. , Hamilton, G. , Chiposi, R. and Drummond, H.
Extracellular Acidosis Activates ASIC-like Channels in Freshly Isolated Cerebral Artery Smooth Muscle Cells. ,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
 298 , C1198 , 2010
Cells
Vascular smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Papain : 0.05%
Elastase : 0.05%
Medium
PBS
Cartilage
Human
Human, 52-82 years
Pallu, S. , Francin, P. , Guillaume, C. , Gegout-Pottie, P. , Netter, P. , Mainard, D. , Terlain, B. and Presle, N.
Obesity Affects the Chondrocyte Responsiveness to Leptin in Patients with Osteoarthritis. ,
Arthritis Res Ther
 12 , R112 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.15%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.2-1.4 kg
Ju, X. , Deng, M. , Ao, Y. , Yu, C. , Wang, J. , Yu, J. , Cui, G. and Hu, Y.
Protective Effect of Sinomenine on Cartilage Degradation and Chondrocytes Apoptosis. ,
Yakugaku Zasshi
 130 , 1053-60 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.2%
Medium
DMEM
Endothelial
Human
Human
Muller AM, Hermanns MI, Skrzynski C, Nesslinger M, Muller KM. and Kirkpatrick CJ.
Expression of the endothelial markers PECAM-1, vWf, and CD34 in vivo and in vitro ,
Exp Mol Pathol
 72 , 221 , 2002
Cells
Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 1.18 u/ml
Elastase : 10 u/ml
Medium
M199
Endothelial
Mouse
Mouse, 4 week
Esteban, S. , Clemente, C. , Koziol, A. , Gonzalo, P. , Rius, C. , Martinez, F. , Linares, P. , Chaparro, M. , Urzainqui, A. , Andres, V. , Seiki, M. , Gisbert, J. and Arroyo, A.
Endothelial MT1-MMP Targeting Limits Intussusceptive Angiogenesis and Colitis via TSP1/Nitric Oxide Axis. ,
EMBO Mol Med
 12 , e10862 , 2020
Cells
Aortic endothelial
Enzymes
Elastase : 0.25%
Medium
DMEM
Endothelial
Mouse
Mouse
Kochukov, M. , Balasubramanian, A. , Abramowitz, J. , Birnbaumer, L. and Marrelli, S.
Activation of Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential C3 Channel is Required for Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Activation and Sustained Endothelial Hyperpolarization and Vasodilation of Cerebral Artery. ,
J Am Heart Assoc
 3 , 2014
Cells
Cerebral artery endothelial
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 4 u/ml
Elastase : 1 u/ml
Collagenase Type 1 : 120 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Endothelial
Rabbit
Rabbit, 2-3Kg
Haley, N. , Shio, H. and Fowler, S.
Characterization of lipid-laden aortic cells from cholesterol-fed rabbits. I. Resolution of aortic cell populations by metrizamide density gradient centrifugation ,
Lab Invest
 37 , 287 , 1977
Cells
Endothelial, aortic
Enzymes
Elastase : 0.2%
Medium
Hanks solution
Endothelial
Rat
Rat, Wistar, male, 3 mo
Nagelkenke, J. , Barto, K. and VanBerkel, T.
In vivo and in vitro uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial, Kupffer, and parenchymal cells ,
J Biol Chem
 258 , 12221 , 1983
Cells
Endothelial
Kupffer
Parenchymal
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Pronase : 0.25%
Medium
HBSS
Epithelial
Canine
Dog
Virmani, A. , Naziruddin, B. , Desai, V. , Lowry, J. , Graves, D. and Sachdev, G.
Evidence for Secretion of High Molecular Weight Mucins by Canine Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Primary Culture: Effects of Select Secretagogues on Mucin Secretion ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 28A , 120 , 1992
Cells
Tracheal
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
DMEM
Epithelial
Hamster
Hamster, Syrian gold, male, 100-120 g
Niles,R. , Kim, K.C. , Hyman, B. , Christensen, T. , Wasano, K. and Brody, J.
Characterization Of Extended Primary And Secondary Cultures Of Hamster Tracheal Epithelial Cells ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 24 , 457 , 1988
Cells
Tracheal
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
MEM with Hepes, CMF
Epithelial
Human
Human
Gruenert, D.C. , Basbaum, C.B. and Widdicombe, J.H.
Long-Term Culture of Normal and Cystic Fibrosis Epithelial Cells Grown Under Serum-Free Conditions ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 26 , 411 , 1990
Cells
Epithelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.1%
Medium
PBS
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, male
Planus, E. , Galiacy, S. , Matthay, M. , Laurent, V. , Gavrilovic, J. , Murphy, G. , Clerici, C. , Isabey, D. , Lafuma, C. and d'Ortho, M.
Role of Collagenase in Mediating in Vitro Alveolar Epithelial Wound Repair ,
J Cell Sci
 112 , 243 , 1999
Cells
Alveolar epithelial
Enzymes
Elastase : 40 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, SD, male, 150 - 250 g
Dial, E. , Kao, Y. and Lichtenberger, L.
Effects of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 On Glycoprotein And Lipid Synthesis of Gastric Epithelial Cells Grown in a Primary Culture ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 27 , 39 , 1991
Cells
Epithelial
Stomach
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.15%
Medium
Medium 199
Epithelial
Rat
Rat, Fisher 344, male, 8 wks old,
250-300 g
Chang, L. , Wu, R. and Nettesheim, P.
Morphological Changes in Rat Tracheal Cells During The Adaptive and Early Growth Phase in Primary Cell Culture ,
J Cell Sci
 74 , 283 , 1985
Cells
Tracheal epithelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.5%
Medium
DMEM
Eye
Bovine
Bovine
Terlizzi, V. , Kolibabka, M. , Burgess, J. , Hammes, H. and Harmsen, M.
The Pericytic Phenotype of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells Is Promoted by NOTCH2. ,
Stem Cells
 36 , 240-251 , 2018
Cells
Retinal endothelial
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.02%
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Human
Human
Jensen, B. , Swigart, P. , Laden, M. , DeMarco, T. , Hoopes, C. and Simpson, P.
The Alpha-1D Is the Predominant Alpha-1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype in Human Epicardial Coronary Arteries. ,
J Am Coll Cardiol
 54 , 1137 , 2009
Cells
Coronary artery smooth muscle
Enzymes
Elastase : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Human
Human
Mathew, S. , Tustison, K. , Sugatani, T. , Chaudhary, L. , Rifas, L. and Hruska, K.
The Mechanism of Phosphorus as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in CKD. ,
J Am Soc Nephrol
 19 , 1092 , 2008
Cells
Smooth muscle aortic
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 2-6 month
Christel, C. , Cardona, N. , Mesirca, P. , Herrmann, S. , Hofmann, F. , Striessnig, J. , Ludwig, A. , Mangoni, M. and Lee, A.
Distinct Localization and Modulation of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ Channels in Mouse Sinoatrial Node. ,
J Physiol
 590 , 6327 , 2012
Cells
Sinoatrial node
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 229 u/ml
Elastase : 1.9 u/ml
Protease Type XIV : 0.9 u/ml
Medium
Tyrode's solution
Heart
Mouse
Mouse
Butcher, M. , Herre, M. , Ley, K. and Galkina, E.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas. ,
J Vis Exp
 53 , e2828 , 2011
Cells
Aortic adventitial leukocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 300 u/ml
Elastase : 5.6 u/ml
Medium
PBS
Heart
Mouse
Mouse
Verheye, S. , Martinet, W. , Kockx, M. , Knaapen, M. , Salu, K. , Timmermans, J. , Ellis, J. , Kilpatrick, D. and DeMayer, G.
Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy ,
J Am Coll Cardiol
 49 , 706 , 2007
Cells
Smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 300 u/ml
Elastase : 5 u/ml
Medium
F10 Ham
Heart
Mouse
Mouse
Fukumoto Yoshihiro, Deguchi Jun-o, Libby Peter, Rabkin-Aikawa Elena, Sakata Yasuhiko, Chin Michael T, Hill Christopher C, Lawler Patrick R, Varo Nerea, Schoen Frederick J, Krane Stephen M, Aikawa Masanori.
Genetically determined resistance to collagenase action augments interstitial collagen accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques ,
Circulation
 110 , 1953-9 , 2004
Cells
Smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Elastase : 0.0125%
Medium
DMEM
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, female, 14-18 g
Zhang Sui, Wang Dachun, Estrov Zeev, Raj Sean, Willerson James T, Yeh Edward T H.
Both cell fusion and transdifferentiation account for the transformation of human peripheral blood CD34-positive cells into cardiomyocytes in vivo ,
Circulation
 110 , 3803-7 , 2004
Cells
Cardiomyocytes
Enzymes
Elastase : 0.03%
Pancreatin : 0.06%
Medium
see reference
Heart
Mouse
Mouse, 6-8 week
Qian, Q. , Hunter, L. , Li, M. , Marin-Padilla, M. , Prakash, Y. , Somlo, S. , Harris, P. , Torres, V. and Sieck, G.
Pkd2 Haploinsufficiency Alters Intracellular Calcium Regulation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells ,
Hum Mol Genet
 12(15) , 1875 , 2003
Cells
Vascular smooth muscle
Enzymes
Papain : 10 u/ml
Elastase : .005%
Collagenase : 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I : 1000 u/ml
PDS kit : with modifications
Medium
EBSS
Heart
Rabbit
Rabbit
Verheye, S. , Martinet, W. , Kockx, M. , Knaapen, M. , Salu, K. , Timmermans, J. , Ellis, J. , Kilpatrick, D. and DeMayer, G.
Selective Clearance of Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Plaques by Autophagy ,
J Am Coll Cardiol
 49 , 706 , 2007
Cells
Smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 300 u/ml
Elastase : 5 u/ml
Medium
F10 Ham
Heart
Rat
Rat, adult
Zhang, Y. , Wang, Y. , Yanni, J. , Qureshi, M. , Logantha, S. , Kassab, S. , Boyett, M. , Gardiner, N. , Sun, H. , Howarth, F. and Dobrzynski, H.
Electrical Conduction System Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rat Heart. ,
Front Physiol
 10 , 826 , 2019
Cells
Sinoatrial nodal
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 4 : 220 u/ml
Elastase : 1.4 u/ml
Protease : 0.45 u/ml
Medium
Tyrode solution
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, 8-10 week
Lee, J. , Ha, J. and Leem, C.
A Novel Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Correction Method for Mitochondrial Ca(2+) Measurement with FURA-2-FF in Single Permeabilized Ventricular Myocytes of Rat. ,
Korean J Physiol Pharmacol
 19 , 373-82 , 2015
Cells
Ventricular myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.08%
Pronase : 0.004%
Medium
Tyrode's Solution
Heart
Rat
Rat, SD, adult female
Puri S, Bansal DD, Uskokovic MR. and MacGregor RR.
Induction of tissue plasminogen activator secretion from rat heart microvascular cells by fM 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) ,
Am J Physiol/Endo
 278(2) , E293 , 2000
Cells
Heart microvascular cells
Enzymes
CLSPA : 250u/ml
Papain : 5 u/ml
Elastase : 0.8 u/ml
Medium
L-15
Heart
Rat
Rat
Zilberman, A. , Dave, V. , Miano, J. , Olson, E. and Periasamy, M.
Evolutionary Conserved Promoter Region Containing CArg-Like Elements is Crucial for Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Expression ,
Circ Res
 82 , 566 , 1998
Cells
Thoracic aorta, smooth muscle
Enzymes
Elastase : 0.02%
Medium
(see reference)
Kidney
Mouse

Mouse

Comeau, K. , Caillon, A. , Paradis, P. and Schiffrin, E.
Determination of Interleukin-17A and Interferon-γ Production in γδ, CD4, and CD8 T Cells Isolated from Murine Lymphoid Organs, Perivascular Adipose Tissue, Kidney, and Lung. ,
Bio Protoc
 13 , e4679 , 2023
Cells
T cells
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI
Liver
Mouse
Mouse, 12 week
Mederacke, I. , Dapito, D. , Affo, S. , Uchinami, H. and Schwabe, R.
High-Yield and High-Purity Isolation of Hepatic Stellate Cells from Normal and Fibrotic Mouse Livers. ,
Nat Protoc
 10 , 305-15 , 2015
Cells
Hepatic stellate
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.04%
Medium
DMEM
Liver
Mouse
Mouse
Rountree, C. , Ding, W. , Dang, H. , Vankirk, C. and Crooks, G.
Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion. ,
J Vis Exp
 56 , e3183 , 2011
Cells
CD133+ stem
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Liver
Mouse
Mouse, male
Oliva, J. , Bardag-Gorce, F. , French, B. , Li, J. , McPhaul, L. , Amidi, F. , Dedes, J. , Habibi, A. , Nguyen, S. and French, S.
Fat10 is an Epigenetic Marker for Liver Preneoplasia in a Drug-Primed Mouse Model of Tumorigenesis. ,
Exp Mol Pathol
 84 , 102 , 2008
Cells
Hepatocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 100 u/ml
Elastase : 0.1 u/ml
Medium
Williams E
Liver
Rat
Rat, SD
Handy, J. , Saxena, N. , Fu, P. , Lin, S. , Mells, J. , Gupta, N. and Anania, F.
Adiponectin Activation of AMPK Disrupts Leptin-Mediated Hepatic Fibrosis via Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS-3). ,
J Cell Biochem
 110 , 1195 , 2010
Cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.02%
Collagenase : see reference
Medium
Medium 199
Liver
Rat
Rat, Wistar, female
Zvibel, I. , Atias, D. , Phillips, A. , Halpern, Z. and Oren, R.
Thyroid Hormones Induce Activation of Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Through Increased Expression of p75 Neurotrophin Receptor and Direct Activation of Rho. ,
Lab Invest
 90 , 674 , 2010
Cells
Hepatic stellate cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 0.025-0.1%
Pronase : 0.025-0.13%
Medium
DMEM
Liver
Rat
Rat, SD, 500-750 g
Li, Z. , Dranoff, J. , Chan, E. , Uemura, M. and Sevigny, J.and Wells, R.
Transforming Growth Factor-beta and Substrate Stiffness Regulate Portal Fibroblast Activation in Culture. ,
Hepatol
 46 , 1246-56 , 2007
Cells
Portal fibroblasts
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.03%
Pronase : 0.033%
Hyaluronidase : 0.036%
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Liver
Rat
Rat, adult
Jensen C. , Jauho E. , Santoni-Rugiu E. , Holmskov U. , Teisner B. , Tygstrup N. and Bisgaard H.
Transit-amplifying Ductular (oval) Cells and Their Hepatocytic Progeny are Characterized by a Novel and Distinctive Expression of Delta-like Protein/preadipocyte Factor 1/fetal Antigen 1 ,
Am J Pathol
 164(4) , 1347 , 2004
Cells
Hepatocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 1%
Medium
Williams E

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.