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Tissue References Search Tool

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Cartilage
Porcine
Porcine, 1 year
Chowdhury, T. , Schulz, R. , Rai, S. , Thuemmler, C. , Wuestneck, N. , Bader, A. and Homandberg, G
Biomechanical Modulation of Collagen Fragment-Induced Anabolic and Catabolic Activities in Chondrocyte/Agarose Constructs. ,
Arthritis Res Ther
 12 , R82 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Medium
DEMEM
Cartilage
Porcine
Porcine, 2-4 month
Graff RD, Lazarowski ER, Banes AJ, Lee GM.
ATP release by mechanically loaded porcine chondrons in pellet culture ,
Arthritis Rheum
 43 , 1571-9 , 2000
Cells
Chondrons
Enzymes
Medium
PBS
Cartilage
Rabbit

Rabbit, New Zealand, 2.7 kg

Khalilifar, M. , Eslaminejad, M. , Ghasemzadeh, M. , Hosseini, S. and Baharvand, H.
In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Different Types of Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. , Cell J Vol. 21 , 150-160 , 2019
Cells
Ear mesenchymal stem
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.2-1.4 kg
Ju, X. , Deng, M. , Ao, Y. , Yu, C. , Wang, J. , Yu, J. , Cui, G. and Hu, Y.
Protective Effect of Sinomenine on Cartilage Degradation and Chondrocytes Apoptosis. ,
Yakugaku Zasshi
 130 , 1053-60 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.2%
Medium
DMEM
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.8-2.3kg
Mehraban F, Tindal MH, Proffitt MM, Moskowitz RW.
Temporal pattern of cysteine endopeptidase (cathepsin B) expression in cartilage and synovium from rabbit knees with experimental osteoarthritis: gene expression in chondrocytes in response to interleukin-1 and matrix depletion ,
Ann Rheum Dis
 56 , 108 , 1997
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Medium
Gey's solution
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, white, 4-6 wk & 22-25 wk
Plaas, A. , Sandy, J. and Kimura, J.
Biosynthesis of Cartilage Proteoglycan & Link Protein Articular Chondrocytes ,
J Biol Chem
 263 , 7560 , 1988
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 5 mg/g of tissue
Medium
Ham's F-12
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, white, male, 8 weeks
Benya, P.D. , Padilla, S.R. and Nimni, M.E.
The Progeny of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes Synthesize Collagen Types I and III and Type I Trimer, but Not Type II ,
Biochemistry
 16 , 865 , 1977
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Gey's BSS
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white or Dutch, 1 week
(also human, newborn)
Schindler, F.H. , Ose, M.A. and Solursh, M.
The Synthesis of Cartilage Collagen by Rabbit and Human Chondrocytes in Primary Cell Culture ,
In Vitro
 12 , 44 , 1976
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
Saline G, CMF
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white, immature, 2.25 - 3.3 Kg
Green, J.R. and William, T.
Articular Cartilage Repair. Behavior of Rabbit Chondrocytes During Tissue Culture and Subsequent Allografting ,
Clin Orthop Relat Res
 , 237 , 1976
Cells
Articular chondrocytes
Hyaline
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Gey's BSS
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white, male, 250-350 g
Bentley, G. and Greer , R.
Homotransplantation of Isolated Epiphyseal and Articular Cartilage Chondrocytes into Joint Surfaces of Rabbits ,
Nature
 230 , 385 , 1971
Cells
Epiphyseal
Articular cartilage
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
Eagle's basal medium
Cartilage
Rat
Rat
Mei, L. , Shen, B. , Ling, P. , Liu, S. , Xue, J. , Liu, F. , Shao, H. , Chen, J. , Ma, A. and Liu, X.
Culture-expanded Allogenic Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells Attenuate Cartilage Degeneration in an Experimental Rat Osteoarthritis Model. ,
PLoS ONE
 12 , e0176107 , 2017
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Cartilage
Rat
Rat, SD, young, 100-120 g
Shimomura, Y. , Yoneda, T. and Suzuki, F.
Osteogenesis by Chondrocytes from Growth Cartilage of Rat Rib ,
Calcif Tissue Res
 19 , 179 , 1975
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Ham's F-12 medium
Intestine
Canine
Dog, adult
Damholt AB, Buchan AM, Kofod H.
Glucagon-like-peptide-1 secretion from canine L-cells is increased by glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide but unaffected by glucose ,
Endocrinology
 139 , 2085-91 , 1998
Cells
Intestinal L-cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 75 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Human
Human
Trapecar, M. , Khan, S. , Roan, N. , Chen, T. , Telwatte, S. , Deswal, M. , Pao, M. , Somsouk, M. , Deeks, S. , Hunt, P. , Yukl, S. and Sanjabi, S.
An Optimized and Validated Method for Isolation and Characterization of Lymphocytes from HIV+ Human Gut Biopsies. ,
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
 33 , S31-S39 , 2017
Cells
Lymphocytes
Enzymes
CLSPA : 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I : 0.00075%
Medium
RPMI-1640
Intestine
Human
Human
Kessler, S. , Rho, H. , West, G. , Fiocchi, C. , Drazba, J. and de la Motte, C.
Hyaluronan (HA) Deposition Precedes and Promotes Leukocyte Recruitment in Intestinal Inflammation. ,
Clin Transl Sci
 1 , 57-61 , 2008
Cells
Microvessel endothelial
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Human
Human
Ebert, Ellen.
CD2 Activation of Human Lamina Propria Lymphocytes Reduces CD3 Responsiveness. ,
Immunology
 117 , 71-7 , 2006
Cells
Lamina propria lymphocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 20 u/ml
Medium
Medium
Intestine
Human
Human
Kanai Takanori, Totsuka Teruji, Uraushihara Koji, Makita Shin, Nakamura Tetsuya, Koganei Kazutaka, Fukushima Tsuneo, Akiba Hisaya, Yagita Hideo, Okumura Ko, Machida Utako, Iwai Hideyuki, Azuma Miyuki, Chen Lieping, Watanabe Mamoru.
Blockade of B7-H1 suppresses the development of chronic intestinal inflammation ,
J Immunol
 171 , 4156-63 , 2003
Cells
Lamina propria mononuclear cells
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.02%
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Human
Human
Fahlgren, A. , Hammarstrom, S. , Danielsson, A. and Hammarstrom, M.
Increased Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides and Lysozyme in Colonic Epithelial Cells of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. ,
Clin Exp Immunol
 131 , 90 , 2003
Cells
Intestinal epithelial
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 4 : 72.5 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Human
Human
Stallmach A, Schaffer F, Hoffmann S, Weber S, Muller-Molaian I, Schneider T, Kohne G, Ecker KW, Feifel G, Zeitz M.
Increased state of activation of CD4 positive T cells and elevated interferon gamma production in pouchitis ,
Gut
 43 , 499-505 , 1998
Cells
Mucosal mononuclear cells
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI
Intestine
Mouse

Mouse

Kumar, S. , Suman, S. , Li, H. , Angdisen, J. , Datta, K. and Fornace, A.
High-linear Energy Transfer Radiation Disrupts Natural Killer Cell Surveillance of Senescent Intestinal Cells in the Mouse Intestine. , Mol Biomed Vol. 7 , 2026
Cells
Organoids
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Mouse

Mouse, adult

Kumar, S. , Suman, S. , Angdisen, J. , Moon, B. , Kallakury, B. , Datta, K. and Fornace, A.
Effects of High-Linear-Energy-Transfer Heavy Ion Radiation on Intestinal Stem Cells: Implications for Gut Health and Tumorigenesis. ,
Cancers
 16 , 2024
Cells
Intestinal stem
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Emgard, J. , Kammoun, H. , Garcia-Cassani, B. , Chesne, J. , Parigi, S. , Jacob, J. , Cheng, H, Evren, E. , Das, S. , Czarnewski, P. , Sleiers, N. Melo-Gonzalez, F. , Kvedaraite, E. Svensson, M. and Scandella, E.
Oxysterol Sensing through the Receptor GPR183 Promotes the Lymphoid-Tissue-Inducing Function of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Colonic Inflammation. ,
Immunity
 48 , 120-132.e8 , 2018
Cells
Lamina propria lymphocytes
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse, embryonic
Ren HJ, Zhang CL, Liu RD, Li N, Li XG, Xue HK, Guo Y, Wang ZQ, Cui J. and Ming L
Primary Cultures of Mouse Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells using the Dissociating Enzyme Type I Collagenase and Hyaluronidase. ,
Braz J Med Biol Res
 50 , e5831 , 2017
Cells
Crypt
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 200 u/ml
Hyaluronidase : 100u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
O'Rourke, K. , Ackerman, S. , Dow, L. and Lowe, S.
Isolation, Culture, and Maintenance of Mouse Intestinal Stem Cells. ,
Bio Protoc
 6 , 2016
Cells
Intestinal organoids
Enzymes
Medium
Basal Medium
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Seo, S. , Kuffa, P. , Kitamoto, S. , Nagao-Kitamoto, H. , Rousseau, J. , Kim, Y. , Nunez, G. and Kamada, N.
Intestinal Macrophages Arising from CCR2(+) Monocytes Control Pathogen Infection by Activating Innate Lymphoid Cells. ,
Nat Commun
 6 , 8010 , 2015
Cells
Lamina propria mononuclear cells
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Beura, L. , Anderson, K. , Schenkel, J. , Locquiao, J. , Fraser, K. , Vezys, V. , Pepper, M. and Masopust, D.
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Persistence Promotes Effector-Like Memory Differentiation and Enhances Mucosal T cell Distribution. ,
J Leukoc Biol
 97 , 217 , 2015
Cells
Lymphocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 100 u/ml
Medium
RPMI-1640
Intestine
Mouse
Zhang, Y. and Hu, W.
Mouse Enteric Neuronal Cell Culture. ,
Methods Mol Biol
 1078 , 55-63 , 2013
Cells
Enteric neurons
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05%
Deoxyribonuclease I : 400 u/ml
Medium
DMEM/F12
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse, P4
Hotta, R. , Stamp, L. , Foong, J. , McConnell, S. , Bergner, A. , Anderson, R. , Enomoto, H. , Newgreen, D. , Obermayr, F. , Furness, J. and Young, H.
Transplanted Progenitors Generate Functional Enteric Neurons in the Postnatal Colon. ,
J Clin Invest
 123 , 1182 , 2013
Cells
Enteric neural crest progenitors
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F12
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Xue, X. and Shah, Y.
In Vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors. ,
J Vis Exp
 , e50210 , 2013
Cells
Colon tumor organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Geem, D. , Medina-Contreras, O. , Kim, W. , Huang, C. and Denning T.
Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine. ,
J Vis Exp
 63 , e4040 , 2012
Cells
Dendritic, macrophages
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.15%
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse, 2-3 month
Becker, L. , Kulkarni, S. , Tiwari, G. , Micci, M. and Pasricha, P.
Divergent Fate and Origin of Neurosphere-Like Bodies from Different Layers of the Gut. ,
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
 302 , G958-65 , 2012
Cells
Enteric neural stem cells
Enzymes
Medium
M199
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Barthel, E. , Speer, A. , Levin, D. , Sala, F. , Hou, X. , Torashima, Y. , Wigfall, C. and Grikscheit, T.
Tissue Engineering of the Intestine in a Murine Model. ,
J Vis Exp
 70 , e4279 , 2012
Cells
Intestinal organoids
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 800 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 0.013%
Medium
DMEM
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Ruiz, V. , Sachdev, M. , Zhang, S. , Wen, S. and Moss, S.
Isolating, Immunophenotyping and Ex vivo Stimulation of CD4+ and CD8+ Gastric Lymphocytes During Murine Helicobacter Pylori Infection. ,
J Immunol Methods
 384 , 157-63 , 2012
Cells
Lyphocytes
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI 1640
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse, neonatal and adult
Joseph, N. , He, S. , Quintana, E. , Kim, Y. , Nunez, G. and Morrison, S.
Enteric Glia are Multipotent in Culture but Primarily Form Glia in the Adult Rodent Gut. ,
J Clin Invest
 121 , 3398 , 2011
Cells
Myenteric plexus
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 4 : 0.025-0.1%
Papain : 10 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I : 100 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Ito, Y. , Kanai, T. , Totsuka, T. , Okamoto, R. , Tsuchiya, K. , Nemoto, Y. , Yoshioka, A. , Tomita, T. , Nagaishi, T. , Sakamoto, N. , Sakanishi, T. , Okumura, K. , Yagita, H. and Watanabe, M.
Blockade of NKG2D Signaling Prevents the Development of Murine CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Colitis. ,
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
 294 , G199 , 2008
Cells
Lamina propria lymphocytes
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI 1640
Intestine
Mouse
Mouse
Forbes, E. , Groschwitz, K. , Abonia, J.P. , Brandt, E. , Cohen, E. , Blanchard, C. , Ahrens, R. , Seidu, L. , McKenzie, A. , Strait, R. , Finkelman, F. , Foster, P. , Matthaei, K. , Rothenberg, M. and Hogan, S.
IL-9- and Mast Cell-Mediated Intestinal Permeability Predisposes to Oral Antigen Hypersensitivity. ,
J Exp Med
 205 , 897 , 2008
Cells
Intestinal mononuclear
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI 1640

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.