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Tissue References Search Tool

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Cartilage
Porcine
Porcine, 1 year
Chowdhury, T. , Schulz, R. , Rai, S. , Thuemmler, C. , Wuestneck, N. , Bader, A. and Homandberg, G
Biomechanical Modulation of Collagen Fragment-Induced Anabolic and Catabolic Activities in Chondrocyte/Agarose Constructs. ,
Arthritis Res Ther
 12 , R82 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Medium
DEMEM
Cartilage
Porcine
Porcine, 2-4 month
Graff RD, Lazarowski ER, Banes AJ, Lee GM.
ATP release by mechanically loaded porcine chondrons in pellet culture ,
Arthritis Rheum
 43 , 1571-9 , 2000
Cells
Chondrons
Enzymes
Medium
PBS
Cartilage
Rabbit

Rabbit, New Zealand, 2.7 kg

Khalilifar, M. , Eslaminejad, M. , Ghasemzadeh, M. , Hosseini, S. and Baharvand, H.
In Vitro and In Vivo Comparison of Different Types of Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Repair. , Cell J Vol. 21 , 150-160 , 2019
Cells
Ear mesenchymal stem
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.2-1.4 kg
Ju, X. , Deng, M. , Ao, Y. , Yu, C. , Wang, J. , Yu, J. , Cui, G. and Hu, Y.
Protective Effect of Sinomenine on Cartilage Degradation and Chondrocytes Apoptosis. ,
Yakugaku Zasshi
 130 , 1053-60 , 2010
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.2%
Medium
DMEM
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 1.8-2.3kg
Mehraban F, Tindal MH, Proffitt MM, Moskowitz RW.
Temporal pattern of cysteine endopeptidase (cathepsin B) expression in cartilage and synovium from rabbit knees with experimental osteoarthritis: gene expression in chondrocytes in response to interleukin-1 and matrix depletion ,
Ann Rheum Dis
 56 , 108 , 1997
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Medium
Gey's solution
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, white, 4-6 wk & 22-25 wk
Plaas, A. , Sandy, J. and Kimura, J.
Biosynthesis of Cartilage Proteoglycan & Link Protein Articular Chondrocytes ,
J Biol Chem
 263 , 7560 , 1988
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 5 mg/g of tissue
Medium
Ham's F-12
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, white, male, 8 weeks
Benya, P.D. , Padilla, S.R. and Nimni, M.E.
The Progeny of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes Synthesize Collagen Types I and III and Type I Trimer, but Not Type II ,
Biochemistry
 16 , 865 , 1977
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Gey's BSS
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white or Dutch, 1 week
(also human, newborn)
Schindler, F.H. , Ose, M.A. and Solursh, M.
The Synthesis of Cartilage Collagen by Rabbit and Human Chondrocytes in Primary Cell Culture ,
In Vitro
 12 , 44 , 1976
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
Saline G, CMF
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white, immature, 2.25 - 3.3 Kg
Green, J.R. and William, T.
Articular Cartilage Repair. Behavior of Rabbit Chondrocytes During Tissue Culture and Subsequent Allografting ,
Clin Orthop Relat Res
 , 237 , 1976
Cells
Articular chondrocytes
Hyaline
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Gey's BSS
Cartilage
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand white, male, 250-350 g
Bentley, G. and Greer , R.
Homotransplantation of Isolated Epiphyseal and Articular Cartilage Chondrocytes into Joint Surfaces of Rabbits ,
Nature
 230 , 385 , 1971
Cells
Epiphyseal
Articular cartilage
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
Eagle's basal medium
Cartilage
Rat
Rat
Mei, L. , Shen, B. , Ling, P. , Liu, S. , Xue, J. , Liu, F. , Shao, H. , Chen, J. , Ma, A. and Liu, X.
Culture-expanded Allogenic Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells Attenuate Cartilage Degeneration in an Experimental Rat Osteoarthritis Model. ,
PLoS ONE
 12 , e0176107 , 2017
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Cartilage
Rat
Rat, SD, young, 100-120 g
Shimomura, Y. , Yoneda, T. and Suzuki, F.
Osteogenesis by Chondrocytes from Growth Cartilage of Rat Rib ,
Calcif Tissue Res
 19 , 179 , 1975
Cells
Chondrocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
Ham's F-12 medium
Organoids
Human

Human

Gamero-Estevez, E. , Hensel, I. , Steinhauer, M. , Müllertz, O. , Savochkina, E. , Sektioglu, I. , Stoll, B. , Derakhshani, S. , Devriese, S. , Kim, K. and Resnik-Docampo, M.
Protocol for Immune Cell Isolation, Organoid Generation, and Co-culture Establishment from Cryopreserved Whole Human Intestine. ,
Bio Protoc
 15 , e5157 , 2025
Cells
Intestinal organoids
Enzymes
Medium
RPMI
Organoids
Human

Human

Geest, A. , Jakobs, C. , Ljubikj, T. , Huffels, C. , Luna, M. , Sá, R. , Adolfs, Y. , Wit, M. , Rutten, D. , Kaal, M. , Zwartkruis, M. , Carcolé, M. , Groen, E. , Hol, E. , Basak, O. , Isaacs, A. , Westeneng, H. , Berg, L. , Veldink, J. , Schlegel, D. and Pasterkamp, R.
Molecular Pathology, Developmental Changes, and Synaptic Dysfunction in (pre-) Symptomatic Human C9ORF72-ALS/FTD Cerebral Organoids. , Acta Neuropathol Commun Vol. 12 , 152 , 2024
Cells
Cerebral organoids
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Human

Human

Lisowski, P. , Lickfett, S. , Rybak-Wolf, A. , Menacho, C. and Le, S.
Mutant Huntingtin Impairs Neurodevelopment in Human Brain Organoids through CHCHD2-mediated Neurometabolic Failure. ,
Nat Commun
 15 , 7027 , 2024
Cells
Brain organoids
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Medium
EBSS
Organoids
Human

Human

Tresenrider, A. , Sridhar, A. , Eldred, K. , Cuschieri, S. , Hoffer, D. , Trapnell, C. and Reh, T.
Single-cell Sequencing of Individual Retinal Organoids Reveals Determinants of Cell Fate Heterogeneity. , bioRxiv , 2023
Cells
Retinal Organoids
Enzymes
PDS kit : see reference
Medium
DMEM
Organoids
Human

Human

Chiu, M. , Li, C. , Yu, Y. , Liu, X. , Huang, J. , Wan, Z. , Yuen, K. and Zhou, J.
Establishing Bipotential Human Lung Organoid Culture System and Differentiation to Generate Mature Alveolar and Airway Organoids. ,
Bio Protoc
 13 , e4657 , 2023
Cells
Lung Organoids
Enzymes
Medium
Basal medium
Organoids
Human

Human, adolescent

Hemeryck, L. , Hermans, F. , Chappell, J. , Kobayashi, H. , Lambrechts, D. , Lambrichts, I. , Bronckaers, A. and Vankelecom, H.
Organoids from Human Tooth Showing Epithelial Stemness Phenotype and Differentiation Potential. ,
Cell Mol Life Sci
 79 , 153 , 2022
Cells
Epithelial organoids
Enzymes
Medium
MEM
Organoids
Human

Human

Schröter, M. , Wang, C. , Terrigno, M. , Hornauer, P. , Huang, Z. , Jagasia, R. and Hierlemann, A.
Functional Imaging of Brain Organoids Using High-Density Microelectrode Arrays. , MRS Bull Vol. 47 , 530-544 , 2022
Cells
Cerebral organoids
Enzymes
PDS kit : see reference
Medium
PBS
Organoids
Human

Human

Uzquiano, A. , Kedaigle, A. , Pigoni, M. , Paulsen, B. , Adiconis, X. , Kim, K. , Faits, T. , Nagaraja, S. , Antón-Bolaños, N. , Gerhardinger, C. , Tucewicz, A. , Murray, E. , Jin, X. , Buenrostro, J. , Chen, F. , Velasco, S. , Regev, A. , Levin, J. and Arlotta, P.
Proper Acquisition of Cell Class Identity in Organoids Allows Definition of Fate Specification Programs of the Human Cerebral Cortex ,
Cell
 185 , 3770-3788.e27 , 2022
Cells
Brain organoids
Enzymes
PDS kit : see reference
Medium
EBSS
Organoids
Human

Human

Xue, Y. , Seiler, M. , Tang, W. , Wang, J. , Delgado, J. , McLelland, B. , Nistor, G. , Keirstead, H. and Browne, A.
Retinal Organoids On-a-Chip: a Micro-Millifluidic Bioreactor for Long-term Organoid Maintenance. ,
Lab Chip
 21 , 3361-3377 , 2021
Cells
Stem cell-derived retinal organoids
Enzymes
PDS kit : see reference
Medium
EBSS
Organoids
Human

Human

Vaart, J. , Böttinger, L. , Geurts, M. , Wetering, W. , Knoops, K. , Sachs, N. , Begthel, H. , Korving, J. , Lopez-Iglesias, C. , Peters, P. , Eitan, K. , Gileles-Hillel, A. and Clevers, H.
Modelling of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia using Patient-derived Airway Organoids. , EMBO Rep Vol. 22 , e52058 , 2021
Cells
Airway organoids
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.15%
Collagenase : 0.05%
Medium
Airway medium
Organoids
Human

Human

Marinucci, M. , Ercan, C. , Taha-Mehlitz, S. , Fourie, L. , Panebianco, F. , Bianco, G. , Gallon, J. , Staubli, S. , Soysal, S. , Zettl, A. , Rauthe, S. , Vosbeck, J. , Droeser, R. , Bolli, M. , Peterli, R. , Flüe, M. , Ng, C. , Kollmar, O. , Coto-Llerena, M. and Piscuoglio, S.
Standardizing Patient-Derived Organoid Generation Workflow to Avoid Microbial Contamination From Colorectal Cancer Tissues. , Front Oncol Vol. 11 , 781833 , 2021
Cells
Colorectal cancer organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Organoids
Human

Human

Schreurs, R. , Baumdick, M. , Drewniak, A. and Bunders, M.
Co-culture of Human Intestinal Organoids and Lamina Propria-derived CD4 T Cells. , STAR Protoc Vol. 2 , 100519 , 2021
Cells
Lamina propria lymphocytes
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Organoids
Human

Human

Barbar, L. , Rusielewicz, T. , Zimmer, M. , Kalpana, K. and Fossati, V.
Isolation of Human CD49f Astrocytes and iPSC-Based Neurotoxicity Assays. , STAR Protoc Vol. 1 , 100172 , 2020
Cells
Astrocytes
Enzymes
PDS kit : see reference
Medium
EBSS
Organoids
Human

Human

Velasco, S. , Kedaigle, A. , Simmons, S. , Nash, A. , Rocha, M. , Quadrato, G. , Paulsen, B. , Nguyen, L. , Adiconis, X. , Regev, A. , Levin, J. and Arlotta, P.
Individual Brain Organoids Reproducibly Form Cell Diversity of the Human Cerebral Cortex. ,
Nature
 570 , 523-527 , 2019
Cells
Brain organoids
Enzymes
PDS kit : see reference
Medium
PBS
Organoids
Human

Human

Mansour, A. , Gonçalves, J. , Bloyd, C. , Li, H. , Fernandes, S. , Quang, D. , Johnston, S. , Parylak, S. , Jin, X. and Gage, F.
An In Vivo Model of Functional and Vascularized Human Brain Organoids. ,
Nat Biotechnol
 36 , 432-441 , 2018
Cells
Cerebral organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Human

Human, embryonic

Nikolić, M. , Caritg, O. , Jeng, Q. , Johnson, J. , Sun, D. , Howell, K. , Brady, J. , Laresgoiti, U. , Allen, G. , Butler, R. , Zilbauer, M. , Giangreco, A. and Rawlins, E.
Human Embryonic Lung Epithelial Tips are Multipotent Progenitors that can be Expanded In vitro as Long-term Self-renewing Organoids. ,
Elife
 6 , 2017
Cells
Lung organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

Fujimura, T. , Enomoto, Y. , Katsura, H. , Ogawa, T. , Baba, S. , Ogata, A. , Yamaoka, A. , Shiroguchi, K. and Morimoto, M.
Identifying a Lung Stem Cell Subpopulation by Combining Single-Cell Morphometrics, Organoid Culture, and Transcriptomics. ,
Stem Cells
 41 , 809-820 , 2023
Cells
Lung
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 450 u/ml
Elastase : 1 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 5 u/ml
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

Klemke, L. , Blume, J. , Oliveira, T. and Schulz-Heddergott, R.
Preparation and Cultivation of Colonic and Small Intestinal Murine Organoids Including Analysis of Gene Expression and Organoid Viability. ,
Bio Protoc
 12 , e4298 , 2022
Cells
Colonic tumor organoids
Enzymes
Medium
PBS
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

Huang, L. , Desai, R. , Conrad, D. , Leite, N. , Akshinthala, D. , Lim, C. , Gonzalez, R. , Muthuswamy, L. , Gartner, Z. and Muthuswamy, S.
Commitment and Oncogene-induced Plasticity of Human Stem Cell-derived Pancreatic Acinar and Ductal Organoids. , Cell Stem Cell Vol. 28 , 1090-1104.e6 , 2021
Cells
Organoid cultures
Enzymes
Stemxyme 1 : 0.1%
Medium
PBS
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

Charifou, E. , Sumbal, J. , Koledova, Z. , Li, H. and Chiche, A.
A Robust Mammary Organoid System to Model Lactation and Involution-like Processes. ,
Bio Protoc
 11 , e3996 , 2021
Cells
Mammary organoids
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.2%
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse, adult

Neal, J,, Li ,X. , Zhu, J. , Giangarra, V. , Grzeskowiak, C. , Ju, J. , Liu, I. Chiou, S. , Salahudeen, A. and Smith, A. et al
Organoid Modeling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. ,
Cell
 175 , 1972 , 2018
Cells
Organoids
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 4 : 200-300 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse, embryonic

Nikolić, M. , Caritg, O. , Jeng, Q. , Johnson, J. , Sun, D. , Howell, K. , Brady, J. , Laresgoiti, U. , Allen, G. , Butler, R. , Zilbauer, M. , Giangreco, A. and Rawlins, E.
Human Embryonic Lung Epithelial Tips are Multipotent Progenitors that can be Expanded In vitro as Long-term Self-renewing Organoids. ,
Elife
 6 , 2017
Cells
Lung organoids
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM/F12
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse

O'Rourke, K. , Ackerman, S. , Dow, L. and Lowe, S.
Isolation, Culture, and Maintenance of Mouse Intestinal Stem Cells. ,
Bio Protoc
 6 , 2016
Cells
Intestinal organoids
Enzymes
Medium
Basal Medium
Organoids
Mouse

Mouse, 8-12 week

Huch, M. , Bonfanti, P. , Boj, S. , Sato, T. , Loomans, C. , Van de Wetering, M. , Sojoodi, M. , Li, V. , Schuijers, J. , Gracanin, A. , Ringnalda, F. , Begthel, H. , Hamer, K. , Mulder, J. , Van Es, J. and De Koning, E.
Unlimited In Vitro Expansion of Adult Bi-Potent Pancreas Progenitors Through the Lgr5/R-Spondin Axis. ,
EMBO J
 32 , 2708-21 , 2013
Cells
Pancreas organoid
Enzymes
Neutral Protease : 0.012%
Collagenase : 0.012%
Medium
DMEM

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.