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Liver
Porcine

Porcine

Almalla, A. , Elomaa, L. , Bechtella, L. , Daneshgar, A. , Yavvari, P. and Mahfouz, Z.
Papain-Based Solubilization of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for the Preparation of Bioactive, Thermosensitive Pregels. , Biomacromolecules Vol. 24 , 5620-5637 , 2023
Cells
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix
Enzymes
Papain : 0.05%
Medium
PBS
Lung
Rat
Rat, male, 200-250g
Bakhramov, A, Evans, M. and Kozlowski, R
Differential effects of hypoxia on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration of myocytes isolated from different regions of the rat pulmonary arterial tree ,
Exp Physiol
 83 , 337-47 , 1998
Cells
Pulmonary arterial myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.15%
Papain : 0.15%
Elastase : 0.05%
Medium
PBS
Mammary
Mouse
Mouse, (BALB/c/Crgl Me), female, pregnant
Riser, M. , Huff, B. and Medina, D.
Pepsin Can Be Used To Subculture Viable Mammary Epithelial Cells ,
In Vitro
 19 , 730 , 1983
Cells
Epithelial
Enzymes
Pepsin : 0.1% and 0.05%
Pepsin : 0.1%
Medium
HBSS with 0.2% EDTA, CMF
Miscellaneous
Human

Human

Yoon, S. , Elahi, L. , Pașca, A. , Marton, R. , Gordon, A. , Revah, O. , Miura, Y. , Walczak, E. , Holdgate, G. , Fan, H. , Huguenard, J. , Geschwind, D. and Pașca, S.
Reliability of Human Cortical Organoid Generation. ,
Nat Methods
 16 , 75-78 , 2019
Cells
Cortical spheroids
Enzymes
Papain : 40 u/ml
Medium
EBSS
Miscellaneous
Invertebrate

Octopus vulgaris

Maselli, V. , Xu, F. , Syed, N. , Polese, G. and Cosmo, A.
A Novel Approach to Primary Cell Culture for Octopus vulgaris Neurons. ,
Front Physiol
 9 , 220 , 2018
Cells
Neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
L15-ASW
Miscellaneous
Invertebrate
Squid
Raman, M. and Mathew, S.
Study of Chemical Properties and Evaluation of Collagen in Mantle, Epidermal Connective Tissue and Tentacle of Indian Squid, Loligo duvauceli Orbigny. ,
J Food Sci Technol
 51 , 1509-16 , 2014
Cells
Mantle
Enzymes
Collagenase : see reference
Papain : see reference
Medium
Phosphate buffer
Miscellaneous
Mouse
Mouse, 8-12 week
Atta, H. , Gheinani, A. , Wacker, A. , Heshmati, Y. , Bigger-Allen, A. , Lambrinos, G. , Gao, Y. , Bielenberg, D. and Adam, R.
A Single Cell Dissociation Approach for Molecular Analysis of Urinary Bladder in the Mouse Following Spinal Cord Injury. ,
J Vis Exp
 , 2020
Cells
Urinary bladder
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 50 u/ml
Collagenase Type 3 : 40 u/ml
Papain : 45 u/ml
Collagenase Type 6 : 20 u/ml
Medium
Tyrode solution
Miscellaneous
Mouse
Mouse
Kim, Y. , Wang, S. , Tymanskyj, S. , Ma, L. , Tao, H. and Zhang, L.
Dcc Mediates Functional Assembly of Peripheral Auditory Circuits. ,
Sci Rep
 6 , 23799 , 2016
Cells
Cochlear
Enzymes
Papain : 20 u/ml
Trypsin : 0.05%
Medium
DMEM
Muscle
Guinea-Pig
Guinea pig, 2-4 wk old, male, female
Firth, T. , Mawe, G. and Nelson, M.
Pharmacology and Modulation of KATP Channels by Protein Kinase C and Phosphatates in Gallbladder Smooth Muscle ,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
 278 , C1031 , 2000
Cells
Smooth muscle
Gallbladder
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
Krebs solution
Muscle
Guinea-Pig
Guinea-pig, adult, 250-350 g
Jennings, L. , Xu, Q. , Firth, T. , Nelson, M. and Mawe, G.
Cholesterol Inhibits Spontaneous Action Potentials and Calcium Currents in Guinea Pig Gallbladder Smooth Muscle ,
Am J Physiol
 277 , G1017 , 1999
Cells
Smooth muscle
Gallbladder
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
NaCl, sodium glutamate, MgCl, KCl, glucose, Kreb's, and HEPES
Muscle
Human
Human
Malysz, J. , Rovner, E. , Wake, R. and Petkov, G.
Preparation and Utilization of Freshly Isolated Human Detrusor Smooth Muscle Cells for Characterization of 9-Phenanthrol-Sensitive Cation Currents. ,
J Vis Exp
 , 2020
Cells
Bladder smooth muscle
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 0.1-0.2%
Papain : 0.1-0.2%
Medium
Digestion solution (see reference)
Muscle
Ovine
Sheep, adult and neonatal
Driska S. , Laudadio R. , Wolfson M. and Shaffer T.
A Method for Isolating Adult and Neonatal Airway Smooth Muscle Cells and Measuring Shortening Velocity ,
J Appl Physiol
 86(1) , 427 , 1999
Cells
Tracheal smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Papain : 0.2%
Medium
MOPS-PSS
Muscle
Rat
Rat, SD, 250 g
Jaggar JH.
Intravascular pressure regulates local and global Ca(2+) signaling in cerebral artery smooth muscle cells ,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
 281 , C439-48 , 2001
Cells
Arterial smooth muscle
Enzymes
Papain : 0.03%
Collagenase : 0.1%
Medium
see reference
Muscle
Rat
Rat, SHRs and WKY, male, 10 - 14 weeks
Bolzon, B. and Cheung, D.
Isolation and Characterization of Single Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ,
Hypertension
 14 , 137 , 1989
Cells
Smooth muscle, tail arteries
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
HEPES buffer
(see reference)
Neural
Chicken
Chicken, White Leghorn, embryos, 17-21 day
Raman, I. and Trussell, L.
The Kinetics of the Response to Glutamate and Kainte in Neurons of the Avian and Cochlear Nucleus ,
Neuron
 9 , 173 , 1992
Cells
Neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 40 u/ml
Medium
HEPES
Neural
Chicken
Chick, White Leghorn, embryos, 7 day
Wiseman, L. and Hammond, W.
The Reacquisition of Cell Adhesiveness Following Tissue Disaggregation by Eleven Different Agents ,
J Exp Zool
 197 , 429 , 1976
Cells
Neural retina
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.25%
Elastase : 0.2%
Hyaluronidase : 1.0%
Papain : 1.0%
Protease : 0.1%
Trypsin : 0.05%
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Human

Human

David, E. , Yousuf, M. , Mei, H. , Jain, A. , Krishnagiri, S. , Elahi, H. , Venkatesan, R. , Srikanth, K. , Dussor, G. , Dalva, M. and Price, T.
Ephrin-B2 promotes Nociceptive Plasticity and Hyperalgesic Priming Through EphB2-MNK-eIF4E Signaling in Both Mice and Humans. , Pharmacol Res Vol. 206 , 107284 , 2024
Cells
DRG neurons
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Human

Human

Park, S. , Eber, M. , Fonseca, M. , Patel, C. , Cunnane, K. , Ding, H. , Hsu, F. and Peters, C.
Usefulness of the Measurement of Neurite Outgrowth of Primary Sensory Neurons to Study Cancer-Related Painful Complications. ,
Biochem Pharmacol
 188 , 114520 , 2021
Cells
Dorsal root ganglia
Neural
Enzymes
Papain : 30 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Human
Human
Panchision David M, Chen Hui-Ling, Pistollato Francesca, Papini Daniela, Ni Hsiao-Tzu, Hawley Teresa S.
Optimized flow cytometric analysis of central nervous system tissue reveals novel functional relationships among cells expressing CD133, CD15, and CD24 ,
Stem Cells
 25 , 1560-70 , 2007
Cells
Neural, various
Enzymes
Papain : 12 u/ml
Collagenase/Dispase : see reference
Trypsin : see reference
Medium
see reference
Neural
Human
Human, 9 month
Dietrich J, Lacagnina M, Gass D, Richfield E, Mayer-Proschel M, Noble M, Torres C, Proschel C.
EIF2B5 mutations compromise GFAP+ astrocyte generation in vanishing white matter leukodystrophy ,
Nat Med
 11 , 277 , 2005
Cells
Neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 0.07 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 1 mg/ml
Medium
DMEM/F12
Neural
Human
Human, 26 week
Fuja TJ, Schwartz PH, Darcy D, Bryant PJ.
Asymmetric localization of LGN but not AGS3, two homologs of Drosophila pins, in dividing human neural progenitor cells ,
J Neurosci Res
 75 , 782 , 2004
Cells
Neural progenitor cells
Enzymes
Papain : 2.5 u/ml
Deoxyribonuclease I : 250 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 1 u/ml
Medium
DMEM/F-12
Neural
Human
Human, adult
Roy NS, Benraiss A, Wang S, Fraser RA, Goodman R, Couldwell WT, Nedergaard M, Kawaguchi A, Okano H, Goldman SA.
Promoter-targeted selection and isolation of neural progenitor cells from the adult human ventricular zone ,
J Neurosci Res
 59 , 321 , 2000
Cells
Ventricular epithelial
Enzymes
Papain : 11.4 u/ml
Medium
DMEM/F12
Neural
Insect
Drosophila, larval
Berger, C. , Harzer, H. , Burkard, T. , Steinmann, J. , van der Horst, S. , Laurenson, A. , Novatchkova, M. , Reichert, H. and Knoblich, J.
FACS Purification and Transcriptome Analysis of Drosophila Neural Stem Cells Reveals a Role for Klumpfuss in Self-Renewal. ,
Cell Rep
 2 , 407 , 2012
Cells
Neuroblasts
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
Rinaldini solution
Neural
Monkey
Macaque
Kupari, J. , Usoskin, D. , Parisien, M. , Lou, D. , Hu, Y. , Fatt, M. , Lonnerberg, P. , Spangberg, M. , Eriksson, B. , Barkas, N. , Kharchenko, P. , Lore, K, Khoury, S. , Diatchenko, L. and Ernfors, P.
Single Cell Transcriptomics of Primate Sensory Neurons Identifies Cell Types Associated with Chronic Pain. ,
Nat Commun
 12 , 1510 , 2021
Cells
Dorsal root ganglia
Enzymes
Papain : 35 u/ml
Stemxyme 1 : 0.2%
Medium
see reference
Neural
Monkey

Rhesus macaque, female

Park, S. , Eber, M. , Fonseca, M. , Patel, C. , Cunnane, K. , Ding, H. , Hsu, F. and Peters, C.
Usefulness of the Measurement of Neurite Outgrowth of Primary Sensory Neurons to Study Cancer-Related Painful Complications. ,
Biochem Pharmacol
 188 , 114520 , 2021
Cells
Dorsal root ganglia
Neural
Enzymes
Papain : 30 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Mouse

Mouse, 4-6 week

David, E. , Yousuf, M. , Mei, H. , Jain, A. , Krishnagiri, S. , Elahi, H. , Venkatesan, R. , Srikanth, K. , Dussor, G. , Dalva, M. and Price, T.
Ephrin-B2 promotes Nociceptive Plasticity and Hyperalgesic Priming Through EphB2-MNK-eIF4E Signaling in Both Mice and Humans. , Pharmacol Res Vol. 206 , 107284 , 2024
Cells
DRG neurons
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Mouse

Mouse, adult

Golan, N. and Cafferty, W.
Dissociation of Intact Adult Mouse Cortical Projection Neurons for Single-Cell RNA-seq. ,
Star Protocols
 2 , 100941 , 2021
Cells
Cortical neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 13 u/ml
Medium
Artifical Cerebrospinal Fluid
Neural
Mouse
Mouse, 2-3 month
Sun, H. , Tsai, W. , Li, B. , Tao, W. , Chen, P. and Rubart, M.
Voltage-Induced Calcium Release in Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons in Adult Mice. ,
PLoS ONE
 11 , e0148962 , 2016
Cells
Sympathetic neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 10 u/ml
Medium
EBSS
Neural
Mouse
Mouse
Beaudet, M. , Yang, Q. , Cadau, S. , Blais, M. , Bellenfant, S. , Gros-Louis, F. and Berthod, F.
High Yield Extraction of Pure Spinal Motor Neurons, Astrocytes and Microglia from Single Embryo and Adult Mouse Spinal Cord. ,
Sci Rep
 5 , 16763 , 2015
Cells
Spinal motor neurons, astrocytes, microglia
Enzymes
Papain : 0.2%
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Mouse
Mouse, adult
Choi, H. , Sun, D. and Jakobs, T.
Isolation of Intact Astrocytes from the Optic Nerve Head of Adult Mice. ,
Exp Eye Res
 137 , 103-10 , 2015
Cells
Astrocytes
Enzymes
Papain : ~20 u/ml
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Mouse
Mouse
Harris, M. , Hulseberg, P. , Ling, C. , Karman, J. , Clarkson, B. , Harding, J. , Zhang, M. , Sandor, A. , Christensen, K. , Nagy, A. , Sandor, Matyas,S. and Fabry, Z.
Immune Privilege of the CNS is not the Consequence of Limited Antigen Sampling. ,
Sci Rep
 4 , 4422 , 2014
Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Mouse
Mouse
Stuart, M. , Corrigan, F. and Baune, B.
Knockout of CXCR5 Increases the Population of Immature Neural Cells and Decreases Proliferation in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. ,
J Neuroinflammation
 11 , 31 , 2014
Cells
Neurosperes
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
NeuroCult NSC
Neural
Mouse
Mouse, 2 month
Liu, G. , Rustom, N. , Litteljohn, D. , Bobyn, J. , Rudyk, C. , Anisman, H. and Hayley, S.
Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Neurons Engineered to Express BDNF for Modulation of Stressor Related Pathology. ,
Front Cell Neurosci
 8 , 316 , 2014
Cells
Fibroblasts
Enzymes
Papain : 0.2%
Medium
Hibernate
Neural
Mouse
Mouse
Medina-Rodriguez, E. , Arenzana, F. , Bribian, A. and de Castro, F.
Protocol to Isolate a Large Amount of Functional Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells from the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Mice and Humans. ,
PLoS ONE
 8 , e81620 , 2013
Cells
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Enzymes
Papain : 0.09%
Medium
DMEM
Neural
Mouse
Mouse, adult
Goetz, J. and Trimarchi, J.
Single-Cell Profiling of Developing and Mature Retinal Neurons. ,
J Vis Exp
 62 , e3824 , 2012
Cells
Retinal neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 10-20 ul
Medium
HBSS
Neural
Mouse
Mouse
Li, Y. , Roy, B. , Wang, W. , Zhang, L. , Sampson, S. and Lin, D.
Imaging pHluorin-Tagged Receptor Insertion to the Plasma Membrane in Primary Cultured Mouse Neurons. ,
J Vis Exp
 69 , e4450 , 2012
Cells
Neurons
Enzymes
Papain : 100 ul
Medium
DMEM

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.