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Miscellaneous
Porcine
Porcine, <10 week
Potier, E. and Ito. K.
Can Notochordal Cells Promote Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Potential for Nucleus Pulposus Enrichment? A Simplified in Vitro System. ,
Tissue Eng Part A
 20 , 3241-51 , 2014
Cells
Nucleus pulposus
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Pronase : 0.3%
Medium
DMEM
File
11672.pdf (655.97 KB)
Miscellaneous
Porcine
Porcine, various ages
Cho, H. , Park, S. , Lee, S. , Kang, M. , Hasty, K. and Kim, S.
Snapshot of Degenerative Aging of Porcine Intervertebral Disc: A Model to Unravel the Molecular Mechanisms. ,
Exp Mol Med
 43 , 334-40 , 2011
Cells
Nucleous pulposus and AF
Enzymes
Pronase : 0.05%
Collagenase : 0.2%
Medium
Modified F-12K
File
11668.pdf (504.75 KB)
Miscellaneous
Rabbit
Rabbit, New Zealand, 8-10 week
Zhang, J. and Wang, J.
Characterization of Differential Properties of Rabbit Tendon Stem Cells and Tenocytes. ,
BMC Musculoskelet Disord
 11 , 10 , 2010
Cells
Tenocytes and tendon stem cells
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
Miscellaneous
Rat
Rat, Lewis, M
Jain, S. , Tran, T. and Amiji, M.
Macrophage Repolarization with Targeted Alginate Nanoparticles Containing IL-10 Plasmid DNA for the Treatment of Experimental Arthritis. ,
Biomaterials
 61 , 162-77 , 2015
Cells
Synovial macrophages
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 250 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
File
11436.pdf (4.05 MB)
Miscellaneous
Rat
Rat, SD, 6-8 month
Zhou, B. , Zhou, Y. and Tang, K.
The Effects of Substance P on Pluripotent Tendon Cells: an In Vitro and In Vivo Study. ,
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact
 14 , 349-58 , 2014
Cells
Pluripotent tendon
Enzymes
Medium
DMEM
File
11602.pdf (5.11 MB)
Miscellaneous
Rat
Rat, male, 250-350g
Silver, N. , Proctor, GB, Arno, M. and Carpenter GH
Activation of mTOR Coincides with Autophagy During Ligation-induced Atrophy in the Rat Submandibular Gland. ,
Cell Death Dis
 1 , e14 , 2010
Cells
Submandibular acinar
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.05%
Medium
PBS
Miscellaneous
Rat
Rat, SD, 8-10 week
Lin, A. , Hokugo, A. , Choi, J. and Nishimura, I.
Small Cytoskeleton-Associated Molecule, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Oncogene Partner 2/Wound Inducible Transcript-3.0 (FGFR1OP2/wit3.0), Facilitates Fibroblast-Driven Wound Closure. ,
Am J Pathol
 176 , 108-21 , 2010
Cells
Oral fibroblasts
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 200 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
File
11626.pdf (1.95 MB)
Miscellaneous
Rat
Rat, Wistar, 7-9 week
Kaneko, N. , Rikimaru, T. , Fujimura, T. , Mori, S. , Hidaka, S. and Kaya, H.
Preparation of Rat Gingival Mitochondria with an Improved Isolation Method. ,
Int J Dent
 2010 , 275103 , 2010
Cells
Gingival mitochondria
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 0.115-0.130 %
Medium
HBSS
File
10603.pdf (126.83 KB)
Miscellaneous
Rat
Rat, 8-10 week
Moghaddami, M. , Cleland, L. and Mayrhofer, G.
MHC II+ CD45+ Cells from Synovium-Rich Tissues of Normal Rats: Phenotype, Comparison with Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Lineages and Differentiation into Mature Dendritic Cells In Vitro. ,
Int Immunol
 17 , 1103 , 2005
Cells
Synovial cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 1 : 250 u/ml
Medium
RPMI 1640
File
10581.pdf (1.16 MB)
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Lee, E. , Choi, J. , Hyun, J. , Cho, K. , Hwang, I. , Lee, H. , Chang, J. and Choi, I.
Steroid Effects on Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Steroid Receptor Gene Expression in Adult Bovine Satellite Cells. ,
AJAS
 20 , 501 , 2007
Cells
Muscle satellite cells
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 300 u/ml
Medium
Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate
File
10724.pdf (2.69 MB)
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Yu, M. , McAndrew, R. , Al-Saghir, R. , Maier, K. , Medhora, M. , Roman, R. and Jacobs, E.
Nitric Oxide Contributes to 20-HETE-Induced Relaxation of Pulmonary Arteries. ,
J Appl Physiol
 93 , 1391 , 2002
Cells
Pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.04-0.05%
Medium
RPMI-1640
File
10723.pdf (401.6 KB)
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Absher, M. , Woodcock-Mitchell, J. , Mitchell, J. , Baldor, L. , Low, R. and Warshaw, D.
Characterization of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype in Long-Term Culture ,
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol
 25 (2) , 183 , 1989
Cells
Smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
DMEM
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Warshaw, D. , Szarek, J. , Hubbard, M. and Evans, J.
Pharmacology and Force Development of Single Freshly Isolated Bovine Cartoid Artery Smooth Muscle Cells ,
Circ Res
 58 , 399 , 1986
Cells
Vascular smooth muscle
Enzymes
Elastase Type 3 : 50 u/ml
Medium
PSS
Muscle
Bovine
Bovine
Davies, P. and Kerr, C.
Modification of LDL Metabolism by Growth Factors in Cultured Vascular Cells and Human Skin Fibroblasts ,
Biochim Biophys Acta
 712 , 26 , 1982
Cells
Smooth muscle, fibroblasts
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.055%
Medium
DMEM
Muscle
Canine
Canine
Parker, M. , Loretz, C. , Tyler, A. , Snider, L. , Storb. R. and Tapscott, S.
Inhibition of CD26/DPP-IV Enhances Donor Muscle Cell Engraftment and Stimulates Sustained Donor Cell Proliferation. ,
Skelet Muscle
 2 , 4 , 2012
Cells
Skeletal muscle
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 4 : 200 u/ml
Neutral Protease : 1 u/ml
Medium
DMEM
Muscle
Canine
Dog
Subramanian, M. , Madden, J. and Harder, D.
A Method for the Isolation of Cells from Arteries of Various Sizes ,
J Tiss Cul Meth
 13 , 13 , 1991
Cells
Smooth muscle
Enzymes
Elastase : 50 u/ml
Medium
PSS
Muscle
Canine
Dog, beagle, adult
Wilde, D. and Lee, K.
Outward Potassium Currents in Freshly Isolated Smooth Muscle Cell of Dog Coronary Arteries ,
Circ Res
 65 , 1718 , 1989
Cells
Smooth muscle
Vascular
Enzymes
Elastase : 34 u/ml
Medium
Tyrode's solution w/ calcium
Muscle
Canine
Dog
Dobrin, P. and Canfield, T.
Elastase, Collagenase, and the Biaxial Elastic Properties of Dog Carotid Artery ,
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
 247 (16) , H124 , 1984
Cells
Artery
Carotid
Enzymes
Elastase : 80 u/ml
Medium
PSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chicken, 1-2 day
Dirksen W. , Vladic F. and Fisher S.
A Myosin Phosphatase Targeting Subunit Isoform Transition Defines a Smooth Muscle Developmental Phenotypic Switch ,
Am J Physiol/Cell
 278(3) , C589 , 2000
Cells
Gizzard and aorta smooth muscle
Enzymes
Medium
HBSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chick
Chamley-Campbell, J. , Campbell, G. and Ross, R.
The Smooth Muscle in Cell Culture ,
Physiol Res
 59 , 1 , 1979
Cells
Smooth muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05% - 0.1%
Medium
HBSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chick, white leghorn, 12 day
Bullaro, J. and Brookman, D.
Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Monolayer Cultures Initiated With Cells Dissociated by the Vortex and Trypsin Methods ,
In Vitro
 12 , 564 , 1976
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.25%
Medium
Puck's saline A
Muscle
Chicken
Chick, white leghorn, embryos, 11 day
Tepperman, K. , Morris, G. , Essien, F. and Heywood, S.M.
A Mechanical Dissociation Method For Preparation of Muscle Cell Cultures ,
J Cell Physiol
 86 , 561 , 1975
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.05%
Medium
Saline G
Muscle
Chicken
Chick embryo
Hilfer, S. and Brown, J.
Collagenase. Its Effectiveness as a Dispersing Agent for Embryonic Chick Thyroid and Heart ,
Exp Cell Res
 65 , 246 , 1971
Cells
Thyroid
Muscle
Heart
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.25%
Medium
Tyrode's saline, potassium free
Muscle
Chicken
Chick, embryonic
Hilfer, S.
Collagenase Treatment of Chick Heart and Thyroid , Tissue Cult Methods & Applications , Kruse, P., and Patterson, M. , 246 , 1971
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
CMF HBSS
Muscle
Chicken
Chick embryonic
Rinaldini, L.
An Improved Method for the Isolation and Quantitative Cultivation of Embryonic Cells ,
Exp Cell Res
 16 , 477 , 1959
Cells
Various tissues (heart, liver, skeletal, cardiac)
Enzymes
Trypsin : various grades
Medium
CMF Tyrode's solution
Muscle
Feline
Cat, adult mongrel, either sex, 2.5-4.0 kg
Madden, J. , Vadula, M. and Kurup, V.
Effects of Hypoxia and Other Vasoactive Agents on Pulmonary and Cerebral Artery Smooth Muscle Cells ,
Am J Physiol
 263 , L384 , 1992
Cells
Cerebral arteries
Enzymes
Elastase : 50 u/ml
Medium
Puck's solution
Muscle
Feline
Cat, mongrel, adult, 2-4 kg
Follmer, C.H. , Ten Eick, R.E. and Yeh, J.Z.
Sodium Current Kinetics in Cat Atrial Myocytes ,
J Physiol
 384 , 169 , 1987
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.12%
Medium
Kreb's Henseleit, CF
Muscle
Fish
Zebrafish
Alexander, M. , Kawahara, G. , Kho, A. , Howell, M. , Pusack, T. , Myers, J. , Montanaro, F. , Zon, L. , Guyon, J. and Kunkel, L.
Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Adult Zebrafish Cells Enriched for Skeletal Muscle Progenitors. ,
Muscle Nerve
 43 , 741-50 , 2011
Cells
Myogenic progenitor
Enzymes
Medium
PBS
File
11692.pdf (2.15 MB)
Muscle
Fish
Dogfish, Squalus acanthias , 2-6 Kg
(also guinea-pig, rabbit, frog)
Mitra, R. and Morad, M.
A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates ,
Am J Physiol
 249 , H1056 , 1985
Cells
Myocytes, heart and stomach
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.028%
Medium
Solution C
(see reference)
Muscle
Frog
Frog, Xenopus laevis, embryos stage 17 & 19
Stollberg, J. and Fraser, S.
Acetylcholine Receptors and Con A-Binding Sites on Xenopus Muscle Cells ,
J Cell Biol
 107 , 1397 , 1988
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Collagenase : 0.10%
Medium
Steinberg's solution
Muscle
Frog
Frog
Shepherd, N. and Kavaler, F.
Direct Control of Contraction Force of Single Frog Atrial Cells by Extracellular Ions ,
Am J Physiol
 251 , C653 , 1986
Cells
Myocytes
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.1%
Medium
CF Ringer
Muscle
Frog
Frog, Rana pipiens (50-100 g)
(also guinea-pig, rabbit, dogfish, Squalus acanthias )
Mitra, R. and Morad, M.
A Uniform Enzymatic Method for Dissociation of Myocytes from Hearts and Stomachs of Vertebrates ,
Am J Physiol
 249 , H1056 , 1985
Cells
Myocytes, heart and stomach
Enzymes
Protease XIV : 0.028%
Medium
Solution C
(see reference)
Muscle
Frog
Frog, Xenopus laevis
Anderson, M.J. , Cohen, M.W. and Zorychta, E.
Effects of Innervation on the Distribution of Acetylcholine Receptors on Cultured Muscle Cells ,
J Physiol
 268 , 731 , 1977
Cells
Muscle
Enzymes
Trypsin : 0.5%
Medium
L15 medium
(see reference)
Muscle
Guinea-Pig
Guinea-pig
Shieh CC, Feng J, Buckner SA, Brioni JD, Coghlan MJ, Sullivan JP, Gopalakrishnan M.
Functional implication of spare ATP-sensitive K(+) channels in bladder smooth muscle cells ,
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
 296 , 669-75 , 2001
Cells
Bladder smooth muscle
Enzymes
Collagenase Type 2 : 0.1-0.2%
Medium
Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate
Muscle
Guinea-Pig
Guinea pig, 2-4 wk old, male, female
Firth, T. , Mawe, G. and Nelson, M.
Pharmacology and Modulation of KATP Channels by Protein Kinase C and Phosphatates in Gallbladder Smooth Muscle ,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
 278 , C1031 , 2000
Cells
Smooth muscle
Gallbladder
Enzymes
Papain : 0.1%
Medium
Krebs solution
Muscle
Guinea-Pig
Guinea-pig, 200-380 g
Schnitzler, M. , Derst, C. , Daut, J. and Preisig-Muller, R.
ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Capillaries Isolated From Guinea-Pig Heart ,
J Physiol
 525 (2) , 307 , 2000
Cells
Capillaries
Myocytes
Enzymes
Medium
CF solution

Tissue Tables (references, grouped by tissue type and species)

Adipose/Fat
Adrenal
Bone
Brain
Cartilage
Colon
Endothelial
Epithelial
Eye
Heart
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph nodes
Mammary
Miscellaneous
Muscle
Neural
Organoids
Pancreas
Parotid
Pituitary
Prostate
Reproductive
Scales
Skin
Spleen
Stem
Thymus
Thyroid/Parathyroid
Tonsil
Tumor
Note: We have not limited the references listed to only those papers using Worthington enzymes. Generally speaking, the tissue dissociation enzymes offered by Worthington can be used interchangeably for most preparations cited.